Dimensional Analysis of Free-Fall Time of Astrophysical Gas Ball

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving a formula for the free-fall time τ of an astrophysical gas ball using dimensional analysis. The equation τ = kGαMβRγ was analyzed, resulting in the values α = -1/2, β = -1/2, and γ = -3/2. The calculations were performed in cgs units, confirming the dimensional consistency of the derived formula. Additionally, a query regarding the rounding of Planck's constant for significant figures was addressed, clarifying that 6.6260693 x 10-34 should be rounded to 6.63 for three significant digits.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of dimensional analysis in physics
  • Familiarity with gravitational constants, specifically Newton's constant (G)
  • Knowledge of cgs (centimeter-gram-second) unit system
  • Basic principles of Kepler's laws of planetary motion
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of dimensional analysis in fluid dynamics
  • Explore the implications of Kepler's Third Law in astrophysics
  • Learn about the significance of significant figures in scientific calculations
  • Investigate the role of gravitational forces in astrophysical phenomena
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in physics, particularly those focusing on astrophysics, dimensional analysis, and gravitational studies. This discussion is also beneficial for anyone interested in the application of significant figures in scientific constants.

CaptainEvil
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Homework Statement



Use dimensional analysis to find a formula for the free-fall time τ of an astrophysical ball of gas. In this system, the only force is gravity, therefore the only quantities are Newton’s constant, G, and the mass and the radius of the sphere, M and R respectively.


Homework Equations



τ = kG\alphaM\betaR\gamma

where τ is a dimensionless constant.


The Attempt at a Solution



I am using cgs units, and want to satisfy the equation dimensionally.
on the left side we have (s) obviously, and on the right side I have (cm3g-1s-2)\alpha(g)\beta(cm)\gamma

Rearranging I found easily that \alpha = -1/2, \beta = -1/2 and \gamma = -3/2

Unless I am missing something, that's the answer, but it doesn't look right to me. Can anyone confirm this?

Also, I had a question regarding sig figs of fundamental constants. If I am asked to use physical constants to 3 significant digits - and my high-end physics textbook tells me a constant like Planck's constant is 6.6260693 x 10-34, will I use 6.62, or round up to 6.63 for 3 significant digits. Thanks for the hasty reply,

CaptainEvil
 
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Your answer is OK. To convince yourself, square both sides of your equation, take the ratio R3/T2 and compare against Kepler's Third Law.

6.626 is closer to 6.630 than to 6.620. Round up.
 

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