Does an observer on a carousel see a horizon?

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    Horizon Observer
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on whether an observer on a carousel perceives an event horizon, particularly in the context of special relativity and accelerated frames of reference. It explores the implications of acceleration on horizon visibility, comparing carousel observers to those in orbital motion around celestial bodies.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant asserts that any accelerated observer sees an event horizon, suggesting that an observer on a carousel, who experiences inward acceleration, would see a horizon directed outward.
  • Another participant counters that for an observer with constant 4-acceleration, there exists a region of spacetime from which no signals reach the observer, defining the horizon. They argue that the carousel observer does not have such a region, thus no horizon exists.
  • A further response reiterates that the carousel observer lacks a horizon, emphasizing the clarity provided by a spacetime diagram with two spatial dimensions and one time dimension.
  • In response to a question about observers in orbit, it is noted that such observers do not experience acceleration and thus would not see a horizon, as they are traveling along a "straight line."
  • One participant expresses interest in visual resources, asking for diagrams that illustrate the concepts discussed, particularly regarding the spacetime representation of the carousel observer's motion.
  • A hypothetical scenario is presented where the carousel's center is in an inertial reference frame, and the motion of a person on the edge is described mathematically, suggesting that their worldline can be plotted in a spacetime diagram.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express disagreement regarding the existence of a horizon for the carousel observer. While some propose that a horizon exists due to acceleration, others firmly argue against this, stating that no such region of spacetime is present. The discussion remains unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference the need for specific conditions, such as the nature of acceleration and the definitions of horizons in different frames of reference. The discussion also highlights the reliance on spacetime diagrams to clarify these concepts, which may not be universally accessible or understood.

heinz
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Special relativity shows that any accelerated observer
sees an event horizon. In fact, if an observer is accelerated
by a, the horizon is at distance l=c^2/a in the direction
opposite to a.

If an observer is on a carousel or merry-go-round,
he is accelerated inwards. Does he then see a horizon
on the outside?

If so, does a horizon also appear for an observer in orbit,
thus when circling the Earth or the sun?

Hz
 
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No.

For an observer with constant 4-acceleration, there is a region of spacetime from which no signal reaches the accelerated observer. The boundary of this region is the horizon.

For the observer on a carousel, there is no such region of spacetime, and thus no horizon (boundary). A spacetime diagram that has two space dimensions and one time dimension shows this clearly.
 
George Jones said:
No. For the observer on a carousel, there is no such region of spacetime, and thus no horizon (boundary). A spacetime diagram that has two space dimensions and one time dimension shows this clearly.

Thank you! Can I read this somewhere, maybe with a picture of the diagram?

Hz
 
heinz said:
If so, does a horizon also appear for an observer in orbit,
thus when circling the Earth or the sun?
An observer in orbit does not accelerate. Such an observer would travel on a "straight line".
 
heinz said:
Thank you! Can I read this somewhere, maybe with a picture of the diagram?

Hz

I haven't tried to find this anywhere.

Suppose that the centre of the carousel is in an inertial reference frame, that the plane of the carousel is the x-y plane, and that a person on the edge of the carousel moves with constant speed 1/2 (c=1).

Then, the coordinates of the person on the edge are [itex]x = \cos \left( t/2 \right)[/itex] and [itex]y = \sin \left( t/2 \right)[/itex]. Plotting this worldline on a t-x-y spacetime diagram gives a helix about the t-axis (worldline of the centre).

Now pick an arbitrary event in spacetime. The attached spacetime diagram shows that there is a lightlike path from the event to the worldline of the person on the edge of the carousel.
 

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  • helix.jpg
    helix.jpg
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