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Electrostatics is the study of electric charges at rest and the forces they exert on each other. It also involves the behavior of electric fields and how they interact with charged particles.
A metal sphere is a three-dimensional object made of a conductive material, typically metal, that has a spherical shape. It can conduct electricity and can be used as a conductor for electrostatic experiments.
When a metal sphere is charged, the excess charge distributes itself evenly on the surface of the sphere due to the repulsive forces between like charges. This creates an electric field both inside and outside the sphere.
If the spheres have the same type of charge, such as both being positively charged, they will repel each other due to the like charges. If they have opposite charges, such as one being positively charged and the other being negatively charged, they will attract each other due to the opposite charges.
On a metal sphere, the electric field is perpendicular to the surface at every point, and the potential is constant at every point on the surface. This is because the excess charge on the surface repels other charges to the outer surface, resulting in a uniform electric field and potential distribution.
