Estimate for root-mean-square uncertainty

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on estimating the root-mean-square uncertainty in position based on classical and quantum mechanical principles. It highlights the concept of zero-point energy, which arises from the uncertainty principle, indicating that the ground state energy exceeds the classical minimum potential energy of zero. The equation E = p²/(2mu) + V(x) is used to analyze potential energy and its relationship with energy levels. Participants suggest using the range between turning points in the potential energy graph to estimate the uncertainty, specifically focusing on the formula for root-mean-square uncertainty.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of classical mechanics and potential energy concepts.
  • Familiarity with quantum mechanics and the uncertainty principle.
  • Knowledge of the equation E = p²/(2mu) + V(x).
  • Ability to sketch and interpret graphs of potential energy functions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of zero-point energy in quantum systems.
  • Learn how to apply the uncertainty principle in various physical contexts.
  • Explore the derivation and application of the root-mean-square formula in quantum mechanics.
  • Investigate potential energy curves and their significance in classical and quantum mechanics.
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, particularly those studying classical and quantum mechanics, as well as educators looking for insights into teaching energy concepts and uncertainty principles.

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Homework Statement


In classical mechanism, the lowest possible energy accessible to any system is the minimum potential energy, in this case 0. However, quantum mechanically, one finds that there is a zero-point energy (where ground state energy > classical minimum). Fundamentally, zero-point energy comes from the uncertainty principle, so it is possible to estimate for root-mean square uncertainty in position, by looking at the range of x allowed classically for a given energy. Remember that in the classical mechanics, the total energy is given by:

E = p2/(2mu) + V(x)

so that V(x) > E. Therefore, sketch a a graph of potential energy as a function of x. Estimate root-mean square uncertainty as a function of Energy (E), mu and w.

Homework Equations



E = p2/(2mu) + V(x)

The Attempt at a Solution


I drew a graph, V(x) vs. x, and drew a line (Energy) horizontally through the curve, for V(x) = mu*w2x2/2. There are TWO intersecting points where V(x) meets Energy lines--which I set as boundaries. However, I am stuck as how to move from here...any suggestion would be welcome...I've been thinking about using root-mean square2 = <x2> - <x>2, but the question wants ESTIMATE of root-mean-square by LOOKING at the range...
 
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You found the turning points. Classically, the particle is confined to the region between those two points. How long is that region? That's what you use as an estimate for ##\Delta x##.
 
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