Feynman lectures and electron path

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the principles outlined in the Feynman Lectures regarding electron behavior in relation to atomic nuclei. Specifically, it addresses why electrons do not simply fall into the nucleus, citing the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle as a key factor. According to Feynman, if electrons were confined to the nucleus, their precise position would necessitate a large and uncertain momentum, resulting in sufficient kinetic energy to escape the nucleus. This leads to the conclusion that electrons maintain a ground state outside the nucleus to accommodate this uncertainty.

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  • Concept of electron ground states
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I read the Quantum Physics section of the online version of Feynman lectures http://feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_02.html#Ch2-S3 and I don't understand the problem with the electrons "breaking away from the nucleus". So why can't the electrons just keep going in and out of the nucleus ?
 
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Feynman says:
"What keeps the electrons from simply falling in? This principle: If they were in the nucleus, we would know their position precisely, and the uncertainty principle would then require that they have a very large (but uncertain) momentum, i.e., a very large kinetic energy. With this energy they would break away from the nucleus. They make a compromise: they leave themselves a little room for this uncertainty and then jiggle with a certain amount of minimum motion in accordance with this rule."

This is an informal analysis of why elecrons have a ground state that is outside of the nucleus.

If this was violated you can compute the momentum of the electron required to satisfy the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle for position vs momentum ... and the momentum calculated this way is more than the "escape velocity" for the positive nucleus.
 

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