Find the approximate linear ODE system

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around finding the approximate linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) system for given critical points of a nonlinear system defined by the equations dx/dt = x - y^2 and dy/dt = x^2 - xy - 2x. Participants are exploring the process of linearization around critical points and the implications of such linear approximations.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests calculating the Jacobian matrices at the critical points to form the approximate linear ODE system.
  • Another participant mentions the necessity of verifying that the Jacobian matrix has no spectrum on the imaginary axis to ensure the validity of the linearization in a small neighborhood.
  • There is uncertainty among participants regarding the specific theorem applicable to this verification, with one participant identifying it as the Hartman–Grobman theorem.
  • A participant attempts to linearize the equations at the critical point (0,0), resulting in simplified equations, but notes that the linear approximations for certain terms are trivial.
  • Another participant provides a detailed approach to linearizing the equations at the critical point (4,2), including substitutions and transformations, but the process appears complex and may not yield straightforward results.
  • There is a correction regarding the identification of critical points, with one participant asserting that (4,-2) is not a critical point and emphasizing the importance of posting questions in the appropriate forum sections.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the method of using Jacobian matrices for linearization, but there is disagreement regarding the identification of critical points and the applicability of the linearization process. The discussion remains unresolved on the implications of linearization and the correct identification of critical points.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include potential misunderstandings about the nature of linear approximations and their validity in the context of the original nonlinear system. The discussion also highlights the complexity of the linearization process and the need for careful consideration of critical points.

NiallBucks
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dx/dt = x-y^2 dy/dt= x^2 -xy -2x
For each critical point, find the approximate linear OD system that is valid in a small neighborhood of it.

I found the critical points which are (0,0),(4,2),(4,-2) but have no idea how to do the above question! please help!
 
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Just calculate the Jacobian matrices of the vector field at the three critical points. Your approximate linear ODE system at the critical point ##(x_c,y_c)##. is going to be of the form ##\dot{u}(t) = A(x_c,y_c)u(t)## where ##A(x_c,y_c)## is the Jacobian matrix.

To check that this system is valid in a small neighborhood, verify that ##A(x_c,y_c)## has no spectrum on the imaginary axis. Which theorem do you use here?
 
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I'm not sure about the theorem
 
NiallBucks said:
I'm not sure about the theorem
It's the Hartman–Grobman theorem. You should consider looking it up, it's worthwhile.
 
To "linearize" an equation simply means to replace any non-linear function by a linear approximation. But the only linear approximations to x^2 and xy are "0". At (0, 0), dx/dt= x- y^2 linearizes to dx/dt= x and dy/dt= x^2- xy- 2x to dy/dt= -2x.

About (4, 2), let u= x- 4 and v= y- 2 so that x= u+ 4, y= v+ 2, dx/dt= du/dt, and dy/dt= dv/dt. The equations become du/dt= u+4- (v+2)^2= u+ 4- v^2- 4v- 4 which linearizes to du/dt= u- 4v and dv/dt= (u+ 4)^2- (u+ 4)(v+ 2)- 2(u+ 4)= u^2+ 8u+ 16- uv- 4v- 2u- 8- 2u- 8= u^2- uv+ 4u- 6v- uv which linearizes to dv/dt= 4u- 6v.
 
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HallsofIvy said:
To "linearize" an equation simply means to replace any non-linear function by a linear approximation.
Why (and when, and when not) the linearisation says something meaningful about the original system in a neighborhood of the critical point, is less simple, though.
 
NiallBucks said:
dx/dt = x-y^2 dy/dt= x^2 -xy -2x
For each critical point, find the approximate linear OD system that is valid in a small neighborhood of it.

I found the critical points which are (0,0),(4,2),(4,-2) but have no idea how to do the above question! please help!
(4, -2) is NOT a critical point.

Also, you posted a question in another forum section about the critical points of this system. Your other question was posted in the right section (Calculus & Beyond under Homework & Coursework Questions). Please take care to post homework questions there, not here in the technical math sections.

Also, don't post essentially the same question in multiple forum sections.
 

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