MHB Find the maximal value of a^4b+b^4c+c^4a

  • Thread starter Thread starter lfdahl
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Value
AI Thread Summary
The discussion focuses on maximizing the expression a^4b + b^4c + c^4a under the constraint a + b + c = 5, with a, b, and c being non-negative real numbers. Participants note that while there is cyclic symmetry in the variables, it does not imply complete symmetry, leading to different values for various permutations of a, b, and c. A suggested solution was initially deemed incorrect due to this misunderstanding of symmetry. The conversation highlights the importance of recognizing the specific characteristics of the function when attempting to find its maximum value. The goal remains to determine the maximal value of the expression given the constraints.
lfdahl
Gold Member
MHB
Messages
747
Reaction score
0
Let $a, b, c$ be non-negative real numbers satisfying $a + b + c = 5$.

Find the maximal value of $a^4b+b^4c+c^4a$.
 
Mathematics news on Phys.org
Suggested solution:
The maximal value is $256$ and is attained at $(4,1,0), (0,4,1)$ or $(1,0,4)$.

Define $f(x,y,z) = x^4y+y^4z+z^4x$. Let $a \geq b$ and $a\geq c$.

Let us prove, that $f(a+c/2,b+c/2,0) \geq f(a,b,c)$. Indeed,

\[f(a+c/2,b+c/2,0) = (a+c/2)^4(b+c/2) \geq (a^4+2a^3c)(b+c/2) \geq a^4b+2a^3bc+a^3c^2 \geq a^4b+b^4c+c^4a = f(a,b,c)\]

Now, we maximize $f(a,b,0)$, when $a+b = 5$ by using the AM-GM inequality:

$5 = a+b = (a/4+a/4+a/4+a/4 + b) \geq 5\sqrt[5]{a^4b4^{-4}}$.

Therefore, $a^4b \geq 4^4$. Equality holds at $a = 4, b=1$. Similarly we obtain other maximum triples $(0,4,1)$ and $(1,0,4)$ when maximum of $a,b$ and $c$ is $b$ and $c$. Done.
 
lfdahl said:
Suggested solution:
The maximal value is $256$ and is attained at $(4,1,0), (0,4,1)$ or $(1,0,4)$.

Define $f(x,y,z) = x^4y+y^4z+z^4x$. Let $a \geq b$ and $a\geq c$.

Let us prove, that $f(a+c/2,b+c/2,0) \geq f(a,b,c)$. Indeed,

\[f(a+c/2,b+c/2,0) = (a+c/2)^4(b+c/2) \geq (a^4+2a^3c)(b+c/2) \geq a^4b+2a^3bc+a^3c^2 \geq a^4b+b^4c+c^4a = f(a,b,c)\]

Now, we maximize $f(a,b,0)$, when $a+b = 5$ by using the AM-GM inequality:

$5 = a+b = (a/4+a/4+a/4+a/4 + b) \geq 5\sqrt[5]{a^4b4^{-4}}$.

Therefore, $a^4b \geq 4^4$. Equality holds at $a = 4, b=1$. Similarly we obtain other maximum triples $(0,4,1)$ and $(1,0,4)$ when maximum of $a,b$ and $c$ is $b$ and $c$. Done.

Three triples are missing solution set is $(4,1,0),(4,0,1),(0,1,4), (0,4,1),(1,4,0),(1,0,4)$
 
kaliprasad said:
Three triples are missing solution set is $(4,1,0),(4,0,1),(0,1,4), (0,4,1),(1,4,0),(1,0,4)$
[sp]Not true: $f(4,0,1) = f(1,4,0) = f(0,1,4) = 4$. There is cyclic symmetry but not complete symmetry in the variables.

[/sp]
 
Opalg said:
[sp]Not true: $f(4,0,1) = f(1,4,0) = f(0,1,4) = 4$. There is cyclic symmetry but not complete symmetry in the variables.

[/sp]

Oops my mistake. I did not realize the output is non symmetric
 
Last edited:
Insights auto threads is broken atm, so I'm manually creating these for new Insight articles. In Dirac’s Principles of Quantum Mechanics published in 1930 he introduced a “convenient notation” he referred to as a “delta function” which he treated as a continuum analog to the discrete Kronecker delta. The Kronecker delta is simply the indexed components of the identity operator in matrix algebra Source: https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/what-exactly-is-diracs-delta-function/ by...
Suppose ,instead of the usual x,y coordinate system with an I basis vector along the x -axis and a corresponding j basis vector along the y-axis we instead have a different pair of basis vectors ,call them e and f along their respective axes. I have seen that this is an important subject in maths My question is what physical applications does such a model apply to? I am asking here because I have devoted quite a lot of time in the past to understanding convectors and the dual...
Thread 'Imaginary Pythagoras'
I posted this in the Lame Math thread, but it's got me thinking. Is there any validity to this? Or is it really just a mathematical trick? Naively, I see that i2 + plus 12 does equal zero2. But does this have a meaning? I know one can treat the imaginary number line as just another axis like the reals, but does that mean this does represent a triangle in the complex plane with a hypotenuse of length zero? Ibix offered a rendering of the diagram using what I assume is matrix* notation...
Back
Top