Finding the Moment of Inertia of a System

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The discussion focuses on calculating the moment of inertia of a system of particles connected by massless rods and rotating about the x-axis. The initial calculation incorrectly used negative distances, leading to confusion. The correct formula for the moment of inertia involves summing the products of mass and the square of the distance from the axis, resulting in a total of 92 kg-m². It is emphasized that distances should be treated as positive values when calculating moment of inertia. The final conclusion confirms the correct moment of inertia for the system.
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Rigid rods of negligible mass lying along the y-axis connect three particles (Fig. P10.20). The system rotates about the x-axis with an angular speed of 1.20 rad/s.

(a) Find the moment of inertia about the x axis.

So isn't the moment of inertia given by the sum of mr so..

(4kg)(3m)+(2kg)(-2m)+(3kg)(-4m) = -4?
 

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That should be the sum of m r^2.
 
so (4)(3^2)+(2)(-2^2)+(3)(-4^2) = (4)(9)+(2)(4)+(3)(16)=36+8+48=92?
 
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Yes, in units of kg-m^2.

(Realize that r is the distance from the axis, so it should be positive.)
 
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The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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