Found a cool Non-autonomous Coupled System of ODEs

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SUMMARY

This discussion centers on a non-autonomous coupled system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) defined by the equations x' = cos(y) + sin(t) and y' = sin(x) + cos(t). The system exhibits chaotic behavior for approximately 70% of initial values, while the remaining 30% produce spiral-like patterns. The author concludes that the numerical errors observed are inherent to numerical methods rather than specific to the ODE itself, as the vector fields are locally linear. The exploration of this system is primarily conducted through numerical methods, as traditional analytical solutions are not feasible.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
  • Familiarity with numerical methods for solving ODEs
  • Knowledge of vector fields and their properties
  • Experience with Mathematica or similar computational tools
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore numerical methods for solving ODEs, focusing on Runge-Kutta methods
  • Learn about chaos theory and its applications in dynamical systems
  • Investigate the properties of vector fields in the context of ODEs
  • Experiment with Mathematica for visualizing and analyzing ODE systems
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Mathematicians, physicists, and engineers interested in dynamical systems, chaos theory, and numerical analysis of differential equations will benefit from this discussion.

TylerH
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By a fortuitous mistake in copy/pasting, I happened across this system. It exhibits very chaotic behavior for some initial values and spiral-like shapes for others. (About a 70%/30% split, respectively.)

x'=cosy+sint
y'=sinx+cost

Here's an album of it plotted from t=0 to 1000. The titles of the plot are x0_y0.
http://imgur.com/a/lbhrX
A lot of those have serious errors in their long term trends, but the overall type of pattern they take is, I believe, realistic. I believe so, because, as you can see in the video below, their vector fields are locally linear. From that, I intuitively draw the conclusion that there could be no serious numerical error, like jumping a phase line, but only small compounding error that only affects long term trend. That is to say, the only kind of numerical error present is the kind inherent to numerical methods, not anything specific to this ODE. (Correct me if my intuitive reasoning is incorrect.)

And, here's a video showing (x0_y0)=(1,1) with surrounding vector field from t=0 to 250:
https://vimeo.com/88323596

If anyone would like, I can post a video that is zoomed closer for the entire video, so as to see the local linearity better in the faster moving parts. I have only uploaded the one below so far because, IMO, it is more fun to watch that the one above.
 
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Also, I've reduced it to a system of very complex 2nd order noncoupled ODEs, but that doesn't seem to help in solving it. Mathematica can't solve it either. I'm almost convinced it isn't solvable. So it seems the only way to explore it is with numerical methods.
 

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