Fusion Terminology: Is it Fission or Fusion?

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    Fusion Terminology
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the terminology surrounding nuclear reactions, specifically whether certain reactions should be classified as fusion or fission. Participants explore the criteria for defining fusion, particularly in the context of the reaction between boron-11 and hydrogen-1, and its implications for energy release and practical applications.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question the strict criteria for classifying a nuclear reaction as fusion, noting that the reaction ^{11}B + ^{1}H → 3α results in a larger nucleus but may resemble fission.
  • One participant argues that the reaction starts with two particles and ends with one, which aligns with their understanding of fusion.
  • Another participant suggests that the reaction could be considered both fusion and fission, proposing that it involves protons and could lead to a fission reaction.
  • Some participants highlight the importance of binding energies per amu, arguing that the energy released in the reaction supports its classification as fusion, particularly due to the conversion of hydrogen to helium.
  • There is mention of the practical aspects of the technology required for power extraction, suggesting that it aligns more closely with fusion reactors than fission reactors.
  • Participants note that similar intermediate reactions exist in the CNO cycle, which also involve hydrogen reacting with larger nuclei to produce helium and smaller products.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether the reaction should be classified strictly as fusion or fission, indicating that there is no consensus on the terminology used to describe these nuclear processes.

Contextual Notes

The discussion reflects varying interpretations of fusion and fission based on energetic considerations and definitions, with some participants emphasizing the need for clarity in terminology.

Khashishi
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Ok, I am a fusion physicist, but I still don't know what the strict criterion is for calling a nuclear reaction a fusion reaction. Yes, it's a collision between two nuclei that results in a bigger nucleus. But, then ^{11}B + ^{1}H \rightarrow 3 \alpha is usually called a fusion reaction. Isn't it more like fission?

Is it called fusion because most of the energy released comes from the low binding energy of hydrogen-1?
 
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^{11}B+ ^1H\rightarrow 3\alpha starts with two particles (on the left) and ends with one particle (on the right). Isn't that what "fusion" means?
 
HallsofIvy said:
^{11}B+ ^1H\rightarrow 3\alpha starts with two particles (on the left) and ends with one particle (on the right). Isn't that what "fusion" means?
^{11}B+ ^1H\rightarrow \alpha + \alpha + \alpha

How about now?
 
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@Bandersnatch: :D

That reaction could be both, fusion and fission.
I think (something with protons)+(something with protons) -> (something) is fusion. It might be followed by a fission reaction.
 
I agree that the p+B reaction doesn't fit into the typical cookie cutter textbook definition of "fusion." But IMO its the best label.

Its helpful to at the binding energies per amu

H-1 is 0. MeV/amu
He-4 is 7.07 MeV/amu
B-11 is 6.93 MeV/amu

Notice that B-11 and He-4 have roughly the same binding energy per amu. This means that most of the energy (7.1 out of 8.7 Mev) released is coming from the conversion of hydrogen to helium. Thus from an energetic standpoint I argue that this is a fusion reaction.

Also the technology required to extract power from this reaction is similar to other fusion reactors but very different from a typical fission reactor. Thus I also argue that from a practical standpoint it useful to categorize p+B with other fusion reactions.

Note that p+B is not unique. If you look up the CNO cycle you'll see that there are several intermediate fusion reactions that involve H reacting with an medium sized nucleus resulting in helium and a smaller product nucleus. Example (H+N-15 = He-4 + C-12).
 
Bandersnatch said:
^{11}B+ ^1H\rightarrow \alpha + \alpha + \alpha

How about now?

:smile: good one!
 

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