Galaxy Collisions & Expansion: What's Going On?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the apparent contradiction between the expansion of the universe and the predicted collision of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies in approximately 5 billion years. Participants explore the implications of cosmic expansion on galaxy interactions and the nature of space itself.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Andre questions how galaxies can collide if space is expanding and suggests that conflicting information has led to confusion.
  • One participant provides a numerical context, stating that typical galaxy motions are around 1000 km/s and that Andromeda's proximity means expansion is negligible in this case.
  • Another participant poses a simplified analogy about whether two cars can collide in an expanding universe, implying a need for clarity on the concept of collision in such a context.
  • A further explanation suggests that space does not need to "come from" anywhere, emphasizing that the expansion of the universe can be understood through the framework of Einstein's field equations and the nature of four-dimensional manifolds.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of cosmic expansion for galaxy collisions, with some focusing on the mechanics of galaxy motion and others on the conceptual understanding of space and expansion. No consensus is reached regarding the nature of space and its expansion.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the assumptions made about the nature of space and the interpretation of Einstein's equations. The discussion does not resolve the complexities of how expansion interacts with local gravitational effects.

Star32503
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Hi, this is just a question I've had for years and have not been able to figure out because of conflicting information. I have read that space is expanding and that it's speeding up, but also have heard that in about 5 billion years our galaxy and Andromeda will collide. How is this possible?

Also, if a galaxy is moving away from another galaxy and each one is moving away from the other where does the extra space come from? At least this is what I got from watching a Stephen Hawking show some time ago.

Thank you,
Andre
 
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Short but still detailed answer:
Typical galaxy motions with respect to the background are about 1000km/s.

The typical rate of expansion between any two galaxies reaches 1000km/s at roughly 45 million light years. Andromeda is about 2.5 million light years away.

So basically, galaxies do move around. And if they're close enough those motions may allow them to collide. But once they get far enough away, the expansion becomes far more important. Andromeda is so close to us that the expansion doesn't really matter at all.
 
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Let's start with an easier problem - can two cars collide if the universe is expanding?
 
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Star32503 said:
Also, if a galaxy is moving away from another galaxy and each one is moving away from the other where does the extra space come from?
Space doesn't have to come from anywhere.

The solutions to Einstein's field equations are four dimensional manifolds. To see the one describing our universe on a cosmological scale as "space expanding" you have to imagine slicing it into a series of 3d manifolds, each one being "the universe at one instant", then compare each one to the next. But first, this is an artificial process - nothing is coming from anywhere. We just sliced up a solid. So in a sense, the only available answer to your question is "when we know where the universe comes from (and if asking that question even makes sense) we'll be able to answer". Another thing to think of is that our current models regard the universe as spatially infinite. So each of the "slices" is the same size (infinite), whatever you might naively think from the fact that everything is getting further apart.
 

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