Gauge Theory - Having Trouble with V' = 0

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on proving that it is always possible to select a gauge such that V' = 0 in the context of gauge theory. The user references key equations including (a) \(\vec{E} + \frac{\partial\vec{A}}{\partial{t}} = -\nabla{V}\), (b) \(\vec{A'} = \vec{A} + \nabla{\psi}\), and (c) \(V' = V - \frac{\partial{\psi}}{\partial{t}}\). The user attempts to derive the condition by manipulating the divergence of the vector potential and using Griffiths' solutions, ultimately concluding that a suitable scalar function \(\psi\) can be found to achieve V' = 0.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of gauge transformations in electromagnetism
  • Familiarity with vector calculus and divergence operations
  • Knowledge of Griffiths' Electrodynamics, specifically problem 10.7
  • Basic concepts of electric fields and potentials
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of gauge invariance in electromagnetism
  • Learn about the Lorentz and Coulomb gauges and their applications
  • Explore the mathematical techniques for solving partial differential equations related to gauge theory
  • Review Griffiths' Electrodynamics, focusing on gauge transformations and their physical significance
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Students and researchers in theoretical physics, particularly those focusing on electromagnetism and gauge theory, as well as anyone looking to deepen their understanding of gauge transformations and their applications in physics.

Michael King
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Homework Statement


Show that it is always possible to pick a gauge so V' = 0.

Homework Equations


We weren't given any, but I've been working with:
(a)\vec{E} + \frac{\partial\vec{A}}{\partial{t}} = -\nabla{V}
(b)\vec{A'} = \vec{A} + \nabla{\psi} (where \psi is a scalar function)
(c)V' = V - \frac{\partial{\psi}}{\partial{t}}

The Attempt at a Solution


The way I've attempted it is not to choose the Lorentz or Coulomb gauge, but to make
\nabla\cdot{\vec{A}} + \mu_{0}\epsilon_{0}\frac{\partial{V}}{\partial{t}} = x (where x is a scalar function)
Furthermore, from Griffths solutions I found:
\nabla\cdot{\vec{A'}} = - \mu_{0}\epsilon_{0}\frac{\partial{V'}}{\partial{t}}
In our case, the above equals 0 as V' = 0.

I took the divergence of (b):
\nabla\cdot\{vec{A'}} = \nabla\cdot\{\vec{A}} + \nabla^{2}{\psi}
0 = \nabla\cdot\{\vec{A}} + \nabla^{2}{\psi}
- \nabla\cdot\{\vec{A}} = \nabla^{2}{\psi}
- (x - \mu_{0}\epsilon_{0}\frac{\partial{V}}{\partial{t}}) = \nabla^{2}{\psi}
-x + \mu_{0}\epsilon_{0}\frac{\partial{V}}{\partial{t}} = \nabla^{2}{\psi}
\mu_{0}\epsilon_{0}\frac{\partial{V}}{\partial{t}} = \nabla^{2}{\psi} + x
\mu_{0}\epsilon_{0}\frac{\partial^{2}{\psi}}{\partial{t^{2}}} = \nabla^{2}{\psi} + x
... which gives me an inequality (i.e. an extra x, and also an extra factor of mu_0 and epsilon_0).

I've also been trying to use the solution to Griffths problem 10.7 as reference but I am really stuck on the steps to take.
 
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The easiest way to prove this would be to take your equations for a gauge transformation (b and c), set V' to zero, and show that given any A and V, there exists some psi which effects the desired gauge transformation.
 

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