Gravitational waves and quantum physics

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the relationship between gravitational waves and quantum physics, particularly questioning the relevance of quantum effects in the modeling of gravitational waves, which are typically described using general relativity. Participants explore the implications of amplitude and wavelength in this context, as well as the challenges of integrating quantum mechanics with gravitational phenomena.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question why gravitational waves are modeled entirely in terms of general relativity given their tiny amplitudes, suggesting that quantum effects might be significant at such scales.
  • Others propose using de Broglie wavelength to estimate quantum effects, arguing that wavelength is more critical than amplitude.
  • A participant expresses uncertainty about the existence of a current quantum mechanical description for gravitational waves, suggesting that they remain within the realm of general relativity.
  • Some participants speculate about the de Broglie wavelength of spacetime or gravitons, indicating a desire to explore these concepts further.
  • One participant challenges the adequacy of classical relativistic physics in modeling the mechanisms of sources and detectors for gravitational waves.
  • Another participant argues that quantum effects depend on frequency rather than amplitude, suggesting that low-frequency gravitational waves do not necessitate quantum considerations.
  • Concerns are raised about the complexity of mixing quantum mechanics with general relativity due to the non-linear nature of general relativity, which complicates the application of linear perturbation theory.
  • Some participants express skepticism about the feasibility of quantizing gravitational waves, citing the differences in theoretical frameworks between general relativity and quantum mechanics.
  • Questions are posed regarding the existence of formulas or methods to demonstrate when quantum effects are negligible in the context of gravitational waves.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views, with no clear consensus on the importance of quantum effects in the context of gravitational waves. Some argue for the relevance of quantum mechanics, while others maintain that gravitational waves can be adequately described by general relativity alone. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the integration of quantum mechanics with gravitational phenomena.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the lack of clarity on the definitions of key terms, the unresolved nature of mathematical steps in quantizing gravitational waves, and the dependence on specific conditions such as amplitude and frequency.

madness
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If gravitational waves have such tiny amplitudes (typically several orders of magnitude smaller than a proton), then why do we model them entirely in terms of general relativity? Aren't quantum effects important at this scale?
 
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I'm not an expert, but I think you should use de broglie wavelength (or something similar) to estimate quantum effects, therefore amplitude is not so important, wavelength is.
 
But what would the de broglie wavelength of spacetime be? o.O

I don't think there is a current way for QM to describe gravity waves (I'm not so familiar with the forefront of quantum gravity). I think gravity waves are exclusively in the realm of GR, for now.
 
Matterwave said:
But what would the de broglie wavelength of spacetime be? o.O
something similar? :)
I don't know, maybe the de broglie wavelength of a graviton?
I'm not saying this is the answer, but this is a nice problem, I would like to know the solution.
 
I don't think your answer is right. The answer I've heard is that the mechanisms in the source and detector are both modeled well using classical relativistic physics. However that doesn't seem good enough to me.
 
madness said:
If gravitational waves have such tiny amplitudes (typically several orders of magnitude smaller than a proton), then why do we model them entirely in terms of general relativity? Aren't quantum effects important at this scale?

Quantum effects depend on the wavelength and not the amplitude of something. So if you have low amplitudes you don't need quantum. It's if you have high frequency that you do, and the gravity waves that we are looking for have pretty low frequency.
 
Matterwave said:
I don't think there is a current way for QM to describe gravity waves (I'm not so familiar with the forefront of quantum gravity). I think gravity waves are exclusively in the realm of GR, for now.

I don't think it would be that hard to come up with a QM theory of gravity waves at the weak limit. The problem with mixing QM and gravity is that GR is very non-linear so that when you use linear perturbation theory then the math gets very, very, very messy, and you don't come up with any usable answers.

If you have a situation in which the gravity waves were weak, then I think it wouldn't be difficult to come up with a way of quantizing gravity waves. The trouble is that it's not interesting theoretically, and it's also not interesting experimentally, because what you'll find is that the you wouldn't really be able to detect any quantum effects.
 
Do you realize the theoretical frequency of a compact binary diverges? It is cut off at around innermost stable orbit though by coalescence though.
 
twofish-quant said:
I don't think it would be that hard to come up with a QM theory of gravity waves at the weak limit. The problem with mixing QM and gravity is that GR is very non-linear so that when you use linear perturbation theory then the math gets very, very, very messy, and you don't come up with any usable answers.

If you have a situation in which the gravity waves were weak, then I think it wouldn't be difficult to come up with a way of quantizing gravity waves. The trouble is that it's not interesting theoretically, and it's also not interesting experimentally, because what you'll find is that the you wouldn't really be able to detect any quantum effects.

Yes but how can we realize that quantum effects are not so important? Does a (or more) formula exist or something similar?
 
  • #10
I'm not sure if it would be 'easy' to quantize gravity waves. After all, they are (very simple) solutions of einstein equations and have general covariance whereas quantum theory has the poincare invariance. Hamiltonian in GR is identically zero, contrary to formulation of quantum theories which are largely based on the evolution of hamiltonian in time.

PS : I'm new to these things too, please correct/improvise if I'm wrong/unclear.
 
  • #11
I'm not sure if it would be 'easy' to quantize gravity waves.
As long as they are of small amplitude, you can treat them as a perturbation and keep the flat background with its Poincaré symmetry.
 

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