Hamiltonian for spin-1/2 particle in B-field: units issue

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle in a magnetic field, specifically addressing a units issue related to the presence of the speed of light, ##c##, in the Hamiltonian expression. Participants explore the implications of using different unit systems, such as SI and CGS, on the formulation of the Hamiltonian.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant presents the Hamiltonian as ##\hat H=\frac{eB}{mc}\hat S_z## and argues that it should have units of joules, leading to a calculation of units for ##\omega=eB/mc## which results in ##\text{m}^{-1}## instead of ##\text{s}^{-1}##.
  • Another participant suggests that the correct Hamiltonian should be ##\hat H=\frac{eB}{m}\hat S_z##, indicating that the inclusion of ##c## is incorrect.
  • A third participant notes that the formula is derivable in non-special relativistic physics, implying that the presence of ##c## is not appropriate in SI units.
  • One participant expresses confusion over conflicting expressions found in various sources, some including ##c## and others not, leading to uncertainty about which to accept.
  • Several participants suggest that the discrepancies may stem from differences between SI and CGS unit systems, particularly regarding the units of magnetic field ##B##.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the correct form of the Hamiltonian or the role of ##c##, indicating that multiple competing views remain regarding the appropriate units and formulations.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the potential confusion arising from different unit systems (SI vs. CGS) and the implications this has on the expressions used for the Hamiltonian.

BrokenPhysics
Messages
4
Reaction score
0
Take a spin-1/2 particle of mass ##m## and charge ##e## and place it in a magnetic field in the ##z## direction so that ##\mathbf B=B\mathbf e_z##. The corresponding Hamiltonian is
$$\hat H=\frac{eB}{mc}\hat S_z.$$
This must have units of joules overall, and since the eigenvalues of ##\hat S_z## are proportional to ##\hbar## with units ##\text{J s}##, the prefactor ##eB/mc## should have units ##\text s^{-1}##, i.e. it is an angular frequency - specifically the Larmor frequency - and is denoted ##\omega##.

But if we work out the units of ##\omega=eB/mc##, with
\begin{align*}
[e]&=\text C\\
[\mathbf B]&=\text T=\text{kg C}^{-1}\text{ s}^{-1}\\
[m]&=\text{kg}\\
[c]&=\text{ m s}^{-1}
\end{align*}
we get ##\text m^{-1}## overall and not ##\text s^{-1}##.

What am I doing wrong?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
There should be no ##c## in the first formula, i.e. the correct one is
$$\hat H=\frac{eB}{m}\hat S_z$$
 
Last edited:
Well, the formula is derivable in non specially-relativistic physics (Levy-Leblond's work in the 1960s), therefore couldn't possibly have a "c" in it, IF ONE USES SI UNITS.
 
Last edited:

Similar threads

  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
4K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
1K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K