Has Lightspeed Changed Over Billions of Years?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the question of whether the speed of light has changed over billions of years and the implications of such a change on the universe. Participants explore theoretical, observational, and experimental perspectives related to this topic, including its effects on chemical reactions, fundamental constants, and the nature of space itself.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether a change in the speed of light would affect all chemical reactions and aspects of the universe, suggesting that such changes might "even out" and remain undetectable.
  • Another participant mentions that there are experimental methods to test theories involving a varying speed of light, specifically referencing the electromagnetic coupling constant α and its potential variation over time.
  • A later reply emphasizes that observational evidence constrains any changes in the speed of light to parts per billion, arguing that if fundamental constants are coupled, this result is expected to prevent causality from breaking down.
  • One participant speculates that space itself can exceed the speed of light, particularly during the Inflationary Period, suggesting that space may have expanded at a rate faster than light without violating the speed limit for particles or forces.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of a changing speed of light, with some proposing experimental tests and others emphasizing observational constraints. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the extent and detectability of any changes in the speed of light.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference various theoretical frameworks and observational evidence, but there are limitations in assumptions regarding the coupling of fundamental constants and the implications of such coupling on causality.

Anders Lundberg
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In the summer 2004 I read an article in New scientist discussing if lightspeed has changed during the last few billion of years. (I have also read some Creationist o:) stuff about light being much faster about 6000 years ago, explaining why we can see stars billions of lightyears away in spite of the mere 6000 years since creation )
My question is: Would not a change of the speed of light (or rather; the speed that not light or gravity or any other fenomena can exceed), change the speed of all chemical reactions also? Would it not change every aspect of the universe? And would not that universal change "even out" the change of the speed of light so that we will never be able to notice it?
If the increased speed of light eg. also makes clocks tick faster (or makes the space expand a bit?), then we may still measure the speed of light to be 299 792 548 m/a. In other words, do we not chase our on tail here?
 
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Anders Lundberg said:
Would it not change every aspect of the universe? And would not that universal change "even out" the change of the speed of light so that we will never be able to notice it?
Actually there are experimental ways to test theories with varying speed of light. One of the consequences of these theories is that the electromagnetic coupling constant [itex]\alpha=e^2/2\epsilon_0 h c[/itex] does also vary. This constant determines for example the spitting of the spectral lines of the hydrogen (the “fine-structure”). Comparing distant spectral lines with the ones of today might provide information about a varying [itex]\alpha[/itex].
 
hellfire said:
Actually there are experimental ways to test theories with varying speed of light. One of the consequences of these theories is that the electromagnetic coupling constant [itex]\alpha=e^2/2\epsilon_0 h c[/itex] does also vary. This constant determines for example the spitting of the spectral lines of the hydrogen (the “fine-structure”). Comparing distant spectral lines with the ones of today might provide information about a varying [itex]\alpha[/itex].

for example;

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601264"

on astro-ph today.
 
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Observational evidence, of the kind hellfire mentioned, severely constrains any possible changes in the speed of light over time to parts per billion. If you assume the fundamental constants of nature are coupled, as I do, this is the expected result. Causality would otherwise break down at some distance/time; which is pretty much what happens at the big bang.
 
space itself can exceed light speed

I've read that no particle or force can exceed C, however, there is no limit on how fast space's velocity can go. Perhaps (now I will speculate) that during the Period of Inflation (10*-36s -to- 10*-32s) when space is estimated to have expanded by a factor of 10*20 -to- 10*30 times, space actually expanded faster than C. However, since I am not sure how large space was at the time of this initial Inflationary Period, I cannot calculate its exapansion velocity during this Period.

Reference: Mark Filipenko, Berkeley
 

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