History of Word Pronunciation: Once, Vacuum & More

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the historical pronunciation of English words, specifically examining terms like "once," "vacuum," and "knowledgeable." The word "vacuum" originates from the Latin noun "vacuus," with its proper declensions explained, including nominative singular "vacuum" and nominative plural "vacua." The pronunciation of "knowledgeable" is traced back to its Anglo-Saxon roots, where the initial 'k' was pronounced, similar to the Scottish "ken" and German "kennen." The evolution of sounds in English, such as the silent 'k' in "knife" and the pronunciation of "-ough," is also highlighted.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Latin noun declensions, particularly third declension.
  • Familiarity with historical linguistics and phonetic changes in English.
  • Knowledge of Anglo-Saxon language influences on modern English.
  • Awareness of vowel and consonant pronunciation shifts over time.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research Latin noun declensions, focusing on third declension patterns.
  • Explore the history of English phonetics and the evolution of word pronunciations.
  • Study the impact of Anglo-Saxon on contemporary English vocabulary.
  • Investigate the pronunciation of words with silent letters and their historical context.
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Language enthusiasts, linguists, etymologists, and educators interested in the historical development of English pronunciation and its Latin roots.

wolram
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How did words get there pronounciation, example, once, is not W,once,
knew is not K,new, why is vacuum, not vacume, or vakume?
 
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vacuum is a proper third declension Latin noun, stem vacu- nominative singular ending -um. Nominative plural ending -a, hence vacua; dative singular ending -o, hence in vacuo. A reification of the adverb vacuus -a -um meaning empty. In school Latin pronunciation it would be vock-ooo-oom, more casually vack-yoo-um, but vowel glides like that are notoriously elidable, so vack-yoom.
 
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Thankyou SA, but why is the (k) ie in knowledgeable added to the word,
it seems to have no meaning?
 
wolram said:
Thankyou SA, but why is the (k) ie in knowledgeable added to the word,
it seems to have no meaning?


The k used to be pronounced when the word was part of early English (aka Anglo-Saxon). Compare know with Scottish ken and German kennen. The k- I can explain quickly, but the -ow I will have to research. Likewise knife (it was spelled cnif and pronounced k'niff). -ough in so many words was pronounced to rhyme with Scotish loch.
 

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