the u_ means to use it as an input variable, the " := " means not to evaluate it until its used. So i just nested it once, f[f] == u should be the equation for a fixed point of f.
Solve[EQUATION,VARIABLE] is its use.
or SOLVE[{EQ1,EQ2},{V1,V2}] for multivariate solutions.
I assume "u" was the variable in this case as f(x) = u r (1- u) has no x in it.