How did scientists prove that quarks exist?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the methods and theories related to the existence of quarks, particularly focusing on high-energy particle collisions and the implications of these experiments in particle physics. The conversation touches on theoretical foundations, experimental evidence, and the nature of scientific proof in physics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant mentions the role of high-energy collisions in particle accelerators, questioning how these collisions contribute to understanding quarks.
  • Another participant clarifies that in physics, theories cannot be proven but can be supported by experimental agreement, noting that the quark model explains patterns in particle properties and predicts new particles.
  • A participant inquires whether high-energy collisions could reveal what quarks are made of, suggesting a curiosity about potential sub-structure.
  • It is pointed out that individual quarks cannot be accelerated, and while proton-proton collisions might reveal sub-structure if it exists, no such evidence has been found to date, establishing limits on the energy scale needed for such observations.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of scientific proof, with some emphasizing the inability to prove theories and others discussing the predictive power of the quark model. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the potential sub-structure of quarks.

Contextual Notes

The discussion reflects limitations in current experimental capabilities to observe quark sub-structure and the dependence on theoretical frameworks for interpreting particle interactions.

Karimspencer
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I heard that it had something to do with acceleration in a huge accelerator in fermi-lab but where they can collide going at speeds close to the speed of light , but how does this collision help. Or is this not the way they used?
 
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First: You cannot "prove" something in physics. It is possible to falsify a theory by experiments. But if experiments and theory agree, this does not prove the theory. If many different measurements are in agreement with predictions from this theory, it is a good theory. But it can never be proven.

How did they invent the theory? They analysed the particles produced in these collisions. In high-energy collisions, a lot of particles are produced. Before the quark model, they were all considered as elementary particles, and soon 30+ of them were known. But then they found patterns in their properties. The quark model was able to explain those patterns with just 4 (today: 6) quarks, and to predict the existence of new particles, which were found later.

It is possible to calculate a lot of properties of the particles with the quark model. And up to now, no serious deviation from these predictions was found.
 
So could scientists predict what what are quarks made out of(if they were made out of something) by making high-energy collisions of quarks?
 
You cannot accelerate individual quarks. If quarks have some sub-structure, it might be possible to see this in proton-proton collisions. So far, no substructure was found, which sets lower limits for the relevant energy scale (~TeV).
 
oh ok
 

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