Ti 84 does not do symbolic execution. I guess you can go to the plotter and input
Math->differentiate(f(a),a,0,x) as y1(x)
and what you think the derivative is as y2(x)
and see if they line up, or test certain values numerically.
But yah, the best option is to use a CAS, such as Mathematica/WolframAlpha or the TI 89