How Does Complex Analysis Explain Geometry and Entire Functions?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around complex analysis, specifically exploring geometric interpretations and properties of entire functions. Participants address several mathematical problems related to angles between complex numbers, properties of equilateral triangles formed by points on the unit circle, and characterizations of entire functions based on growth conditions.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Homework-related
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Participants discuss the condition under which the angle between two complex numbers \( z \) and \( w \) is \( \frac{\pi}{2} \), proposing that this occurs if \( \frac{z}{w} \) is pure imaginary or if \( \overline{z}w + z\overline{w} = 0 \).
  • One participant suggests using the dot product of \( z \) and \( w \) to prove the angle condition, leading to a discussion about the implications of the dot product being zero.
  • Another participant questions the formulation of the dot product and explores the implications of \( \frac{z}{w} \) being pure imaginary, seeking clarification on the converse of the initial claim.
  • Regarding the equilateral triangle problem, one participant provides a method involving the distances between points \( a, b, c \) on the unit circle, suggesting that the equality of distances leads to the conclusion of equilateral properties.
  • Participants express uncertainty about how to approach the problems, particularly the second and third ones, and request assistance in verifying their work.
  • There is a light-hearted exchange among participants, indicating a collaborative atmosphere despite the technical nature of the discussion.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the mathematical properties being discussed, but multiple competing approaches and interpretations exist, particularly regarding the proofs and methods for solving the problems. The discussion remains unresolved as participants seek further clarification and assistance.

Contextual Notes

Some participants express uncertainty about specific mathematical steps and formulations, indicating that assumptions may be missing or that definitions could impact the interpretations of the problems.

Who May Find This Useful

Readers interested in complex analysis, geometry in the complex plane, and properties of entire functions may find the discussion relevant and insightful.

Markov2
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Denote $D=\{z\in\mathbb C:|z|<1\}$

1) Given $z,w\in\mathbb C,$ prove that the angle between $z$ and $w$ equals $\dfrac\pi2$ iff $\dfrac zw$ is pure imaginary or $\overline zw+z\overline w=0$

2) Let $a,b,c\in\partial D$ so that $a+b+c=0.$ Prove that the triangle $\Delta(a,b,c)$ is equilateral.

3) Let $C>0$ be a fixed constant. Characterize all the $f$ entire functions so that for all $z\in\mathbb C$ with $|z|>1$ is $|f(z)|\le\dfrac{C|z|^3}{\log|z|}.$

4) Consider a function $f\in\mathcal H(D)\cap C(\overline D).$ If exists $a\in\mathbb C$ so that for all $t\in[0,\pi]$ is $f(e^{it})=a,$ prove that for all $z\in D$ is $f(z)=a.$

Attempts:

1) I don't know how to see the stuff of the angles, what's the way to prove it?

2) I don't see a way to work it analytically, how to start?

3) Since $f$ is entire, it has convergent Taylor series then $f(z)=\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{f^{(k)(0)}}{k!}z^k,$ now by using Cauchy's integral formula we have $\displaystyle\left| {{f}^{(k)}}(0) \right|\le \frac{k!}{2\pi }\int_{\left| z \right|=R}{\frac{\left| f(z) \right|}{{{R}^{k+1}}}\,dz},$ and $\dfrac{{\left| {{f^{(k)}}(0)} \right|}}{{k!}} \le \dfrac{{C{R^3}}}{{{R^{k + 1}}\log R}} = \dfrac{{C{R^{2 - k}}}}{{\log R}}$ this clearly goes to zero as $R\to\infty,$ but for $k\ge2,$ then $f^{(k)}(0)=0$ for $k\ge2$ so the functions are polynomials of degree 1.

4) I don't see how to do this one.
 
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Markov said:
Denote $D=\{z\in\mathbb C:|z|<1\}$

1) Given $z,w\in\mathbb C,$ prove that the angle between $z$ and $w$ equals $\dfrac\pi2$ iff $\dfrac zw$ is pure imaginary or $\overline zw+z\overline w=0$

Hint:Dot product of z with w must be 0.

If $z=x+iy$ and $w=u+iv$ then:

$z\cdot w=xu+yv=0$

or:

$xu=-yv$

Now, what is $\frac{z}{w}$?

(Multiply the numerator and denominator by $\bar{w}$ )
 
Also sprach Zarathustra said:
If $z=x+iy$ and $w=u+iv$ then:

$z\cdot w=xu+yv=0$
I don't get this, why is not $z\cdot w=xu-yv$ ? Now $\dfrac{z}{w} = \dfrac{{(x + yi)(u - vi)}}{{{u^2} + {v^2}}} = \dfrac{{xu + (uy - xv)i + vy}}{{{u^2} + {v^2}}} = \dfrac{{(uy - xv)i}}{{{u^2} + {v^2}}},$ so this shows that $\dfrac zw$ is pure imaginary. Now for the converse, how do I start? I assume that $\dfrac zw$ is pure imaginary or the other one?

Can you help me with the other problems please?
 
I need help with 2), and, can anybody check my work for 3) please?
 
Markov said:
I need help with 2), and, can anybody check my work for 3) please?
Very nice question (2) !
From the given $a,b,c\in\partial D$ we deduce: $|a|=|b|=|c|$.

Now, for any complex numbers $z$ and $w$ we wave:

$|z-w|^2+|z+x|^2=2(|z|^2+|w|^2)$ (Prove it)

Now,

$a+b=-c$

With the formula above we have:

$|a-b|^2=3|c|^2$

Similarly:

$a+c=-b$

and $|a-c|^2=3|b|^2$$b+c=-a$

and $|b-c|^2=3|a|^2$But, $|a|=|b|=|c|$, hence:$|a-b|=|c-a|=|b-c|$The end!
 
Last edited:
http://www.mathhelpboards.com/member.php?52-Also-sprach-Zarathustra, can you help me with problem 1), I posted some questions there.

Can anybody check my work on problem 3)?
 
Also sprach Zarathustra said:
(Prove it)

You rang? :P
 
Prove It said:
You rang? :P

To be honest, I thought about you when I writ it down... :)
 
Also sprach Zarathustra said:
To be honest, I thought about you when I writ it down... :)

You're only human, how could you NOT think of me? ;)
 

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