How Does the Outer Product Operate on Quantum Mechanical Operators?

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the operation of the outer product in the context of quantum mechanical operators, specifically addressing the tensor product denoted by the symbol \otimes. The equation presented, \vec{J} = \vec{L}\otimes\vec{1} + \vec{S}\otimes\vec{1}, illustrates how angular momentum operators act on distinct Hilbert spaces. It emphasizes that the tensor product creates a new Hilbert space from two existing spaces, allowing for the definition of new operators through the direct product of the original operators. The correct interpretation of the tensor product is crucial for understanding the behavior of quantum systems involving multiple particles.

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  • Understanding of quantum mechanics and angular momentum operators
  • Familiarity with Hilbert spaces and their properties
  • Knowledge of tensor products and their mathematical implications
  • Basic matrix representation of quantum operators
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In my QM textbook, there's an equation written as:

[itex]\vec{J} = \vec{L}\otimes\vec{1} + \vec{S}\otimes\vec{1}[/itex]

referring to angular momentum operators (where [itex]\vec{1}[/itex] is the identity operator). I don't really understand what the outer product (which I'm assuming is what the symbol [itex]\otimes[/itex] means here) means when dealing with operators (which can be represented as matrices).

What happens when you outerproduct one operator with another? Unfortunately there is no explanation in the text, I guess it's assumed this is obvious or that the reader knows about this kind of math. :\
 
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[tex]\otimes[/tex] is not outer product. It is a tensor product.
Could you provide the context?
I am guessing that this means that you act the angular momentum operator only on the first particle but leave the second particle untouched.
 
First of all, I think that the formula should be J = L[itex]\otimes[/itex]1 + 1[itex]\otimes[/itex]S . About it's meaning, when you have two operators (say A and B) which operate on two, in general different, Hilbert spaces (say HA and HB), then you can create a new Hilbert space by the direct product of the two of them, H = HA[itex]\otimes[/itex]HB (the vectors of that new space are defined in this way:say ΨΑ[itex]\in[/itex]HA and ΨΒ[itex]\in[/itex]HΒ, then the vectors Ψ=ΨA[itex]\otimes[/itex]ΨB for all ΨA and ΨB are the vectors of H. ΨA[itex]\otimes[/itex]ΨB is a new item that has two independent parts, ΨA and ΨB , pretty much like when you have two reals a and b, you can create a new item (a,b) which represents a point in a plane) . The operators on this new Hilbert space are then created by the direct product of the operators that operate in the two initial spaces, i.e. O = A[itex]\otimes[/itex]B , where this new operator is defined by:
O Ψ [itex]\equiv[/itex](A[itex]\otimes[/itex]B) (ΨA[itex]\otimes[/itex]ΨB) = (AΨA)[itex]\otimes([/itex]BΨB).
When the operators are represented by matrices, then the matrix A[itex]\otimes[/itex]B is defined as:
[A[itex]\otimes[/itex]B]aa',bb' = Aaa'Bbb'
 

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