How is Single Photon Polarization Determined in Free Space?

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    Photon Polarization
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the nature of single photon polarization in free space, exploring theoretical aspects, the implications of Maxwell's equations, and the behavior of polarized light. It includes inquiries about the oscillation of polarization states and the conditions under which different polarization types may arise.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether the polarization of single photons oscillates around a complex plane, changing between 180-degree states perpendicular to their path of travel.
  • Another participant notes that while individual photons are polarized, light from most sources is unpolarized, with exceptions such as light from the blue sky or reflections at Brewster's angle.
  • A participant seeks clarification on whether the linear polarization state of a single photon oscillates between positive and negative y-directions when propagating along the z-axis.
  • A reference to specific sections on circular polarization of single photons is provided, suggesting further reading for clarification.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of single photon polarization, with some focusing on theoretical aspects and others on practical observations. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the specifics of how polarization states behave in free space.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion, including assumptions about the behavior of electromagnetic waves in free space and the definitions of polarization states. The relationship between the index of refraction and polarization types is also not fully explored.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying quantum optics, electromagnetic theory, or anyone curious about the properties of light and its polarization characteristics.

psycherevolt
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I was wondering how exactly a single photon is polarized. In the case of an electromagnetic wave in theoretical free space Maxwell's equations state that electric and magnetic fields must be equal in amplitude and in phase with each other. On wikipedia's "photon polarization" article it states that single photons are completely polarized. Does this mean that the polarization of single photons oscillate around a complex plane changing the linear polarization between 180 degree states perpendicular to the path of travel?

Also, in (non-theoretical) free space the index of refraction is very very close to 1, does any deviance allow for circular or elliptical polarization?

Thanks
 
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Light waves from most sources are unpolarized. Light photons from most sources are unpolarized, meaning that although each photon is polarized (meaning its electric vector is along a certain direction), the assemblage of photons have a random transverse orientation. Exceptions are:blue sky light at 90 degrees to the sun on a very clear day, Brewster's angle reflected light from a lake, glossy painted surface etc.

The ratio of E to H in the MKS system (volts per meter, amp-turns per meter) is 377 ohms in vacuum. E and H are orthogonal to each other and to the direction of propagation.
 
You didn't answer my question. I'm asking if the linear polarization state of a single photon oscillates 180 degrees due to the coupling of electromagnetic waves in free space. Say you had linearly polarized light on the y-axis propagting on the z-axis. Does a single photon oscillate so that its polarization varies between + and - y directions?
 
See sections 1.2.2 and 4.1.3.2 on circular polarization of single photons
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Photon_polarization
 
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