D-orbitals are a type of atomic orbital that is found in the d-subshell of an atom. They can affect size by influencing the overall shape and structure of the atom, which can in turn affect the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.
No, not all elements have d-orbitals. The d-subshell is only found in the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh rows of the periodic table, known as the transition metals.
The presence of d-orbitals can affect the size of an atom in different ways. For example, in transition metals, the d-orbitals can contribute to the shielding effect, which can decrease the effective nuclear charge and increase the size of the atom.
Yes, the size of an atom can change due to the presence of d-orbitals. This is because the d-orbitals can influence the overall shape and structure of the atom, which can affect the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.
Yes, there are some exceptions to how d-orbitals affect size. For example, in some cases, the presence of d-orbitals can lead to a decrease in the atomic size, such as in the lanthanide and actinide series where the f-orbitals play a role in shielding the outer electrons.