How to Determine Temperature Difference Between Two Stars Using Spectral Lines?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on determining the temperature difference between two solar-type stars using a weak spectral line in neutral iron. The excitation energy of the lower level is 2 eV, and the equivalent width for star A is twice that of star B. By applying the Boltzmann equation and the Saha equation, the relationship between the temperatures of the stars is established as ln(2) = (3/2)ln(x) + (2 eV/(k*T_B))(x-1). The challenge lies in solving for the ratio x = T_A/T_B, given the assumptions about ionization and opacity.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of spectral lines and their significance in astrophysics.
  • Familiarity with the Boltzmann equation and the Saha equation.
  • Knowledge of excitation energy and its role in temperature determination.
  • Basic principles of ionization and continuous opacity in stellar atmospheres.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of the Boltzmann equation in astrophysical contexts.
  • Research the Saha equation and its implications for ionization in stars.
  • Explore methods for calculating equivalent widths in spectral analysis.
  • Investigate the role of partition functions in determining stellar temperatures.
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Astronomers, astrophysicists, and students studying stellar atmospheres and spectral analysis will benefit from this discussion.

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TL;DR Summary: A weak spectral line connecting levels in neutral iron has been observed for a number of solar-type stars.
Its lower level has an excitation energy of 2 eV. If the line’s equivalent width is twice as large for star A
as for star B, how great is the difference in temperature (in the layers where the line is formed) between
the two stars? Assume that no hydrogen is ionized, nearly all iron is singly ionized, H− is responsible for
all the continuous opacity, the partition functions are independent

A weak spectral line connecting levels in neutral iron has been observed for a number of solar-type stars.
Its lower level has an excitation energy of 2 eV. If the line’s equivalent width is twice as large for star A
as for star B, how great is the difference in temperature (in the layers where the line is formed) between
the two stars? Assume that no hydrogen is ionized, nearly all iron is singly ionized, H− is responsible for
all the continuous opacity, the partition functions are independent of temperature, and both stars have the
same iron abundance. The dissociation energy of H− is 0.75 eV.

Solution:
Let the temperature difference be dT = T_A - T_B.
Set x = T_A/T_B and dW_A = 2dW_B (by using both the Boltzmann equation and the Saha equation) we get (after some long derivation):
2 = x^{3/2}*e* {((2 eV)/(k*T_B))*(x-1)}.

Finally, if we take natural logarithm on both sides, we obtain:
ln(2) = (3/2)*ln(x) + (2 eV/(k*T_B))*(x-1). But from this step i am stuck what to do, how i am suppose to find x, or have I used wrong method on this exericise?
 
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