Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the unknown concentration of a substance by reacting it with a known concentration of another substance.
In titration, a solution of known concentration, called the titrant, is added to the solution of unknown concentration until the reaction between the two substances is complete. The volume of titrant used is then used to calculate the unknown concentration.
The equipment needed for titration includes a burette, a flask or beaker, a pipette, an indicator, and a stirrer. A burette is used to precisely measure the volume of the titrant added, while a pipette is used to measure the volume of the unknown solution. An indicator is a substance that changes color when the reaction is complete, indicating the endpoint of the titration.
Titration is a highly accurate technique when performed correctly. It is important to use precise equipment and techniques to ensure accurate results. The accuracy of titration can also be affected by factors such as human error and the quality of the chemicals used.
Titration is commonly used in chemistry labs for quantitative analysis, such as determining the concentration of acids, bases, and salts. It is also used in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and water treatment, for quality control and testing purposes.