How to measure the location of Gamma ray burst ?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the measurement of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the challenges associated with their directional information. Participants explore the use of X-rays and other methods for measuring GRBs, including recent discoveries related to terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) and their implications for directional measurement.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that gamma rays provide poor directional information and questions how X-rays can be utilized for measurement.
  • Another participant argues that while gamma rays cannot be effectively managed with mirrors or lenses, X-rays can be guided, allowing for more observation time of the afterglow.
  • A third participant introduces a related discovery of TGFs measured from satellites, suggesting that there is some known directionality involved since the satellites detected the source beneath them in a thunderstorm.
  • It is mentioned that gamma rays can produce high-energetic electrons upon interaction with material, and while the direction of these electrons can be measured, it lacks the precision of imaging techniques.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the effectiveness of gamma rays versus X-rays for directional measurement, and there is no consensus on the best approach to measure GRBs. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the optimal methods and their implications.

Contextual Notes

Participants have not fully explored the assumptions behind the directional limitations of gamma rays or the specific methodologies for measuring X-rays and TGFs. The discussion also lacks detailed mathematical or technical steps related to these measurements.

goldfishCUPHY
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I have read articles about the GRB measurement using X-ray from afterglow. The article tells that the gamma ray provides poor directional information.Why?
How can we use X-ray for measurement?
 
Astronomy news on Phys.org
There is no (reasonable) way to work with mirrors or lenses to handle gamma rays. With X-rays, it is possible to guide them. In addition, there is more time to observe the afterglow.
 
A related news item: There is a recent discovery using satellites to measure Gamma Rays from storm clouds. It is called a Terrestrial Gamma Flash (TGF). Since the detecting satellites were above the source there must be some known directionality or receiving acceptance angle cone since they report the source was shown to be in a thunderstorm, beneath the satellites.

Abstract
"We present the very first simultaneous detection from space of a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) and the optical signal from lightning. By fortuitous coincidence two independent satellites passed less than 300 km from the thunderstorm system that produced a TGF that lasted 70 µs. Together with two independent measurements of radio emissions we have an unprecedented coverage of the event. We find that the TGF was produced deep in the thundercloud at the initial stage of an intracloud (IC) lightning before the leader reached the cloud top and extended horizontally. A strong radio pulse was produced by the TGF itself. This is the first time the sequence of radio pulses, TGF and optical emissions in an IC lightning flash has been identified."
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/...ionid=A176BA6251B3700B020702ECB84BE35E.d02t03
Geophysical research letters. Dark lightning
terrestrial gamma-ray flashes
 
Gamma rays can release high-energetic electrons if they hit material, and the direction of those electrons can be measured. It is not as precise as a camera, however.
 

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