In CuSO4 solution, why doesn't Cu(OH)2 precipitate out?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the solubility of Cu(OH)2 in an aqueous CuSO4 solution, particularly at a low pH of around 4. Participants explore why Cu(OH)2 does not precipitate despite the presence of hydroxide ions and consider the role of complexation in the solution.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that the pH of CuSO4 solution indicates a higher concentration of H+ ions compared to OH- ions, raising the question of where the OH- ions are located.
  • Another participant suggests that the solution may contain copper complexes with OH- groups, mentioning several possible soluble complexes such as CuOH+, Cu2(OH)22+, and Cu(OH)42-.
  • A later reply questions the presence of Cu(OH)42-, arguing that if it were present, Cu(OH)2 would be soluble in water or alkaline solutions.
  • One participant points out that the solubility of Cu(OH)2 depends on the relative values of the stability constant and solubility product, referencing an equilibria database for this information.
  • Another participant expresses uncertainty about finding the stability constants but mentions that Cu(OH)42- forms only at very high pH, implying a low stability constant.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the presence and role of various copper hydroxide complexes, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain without a clear consensus.

Contextual Notes

Participants acknowledge limitations in their understanding of stability constants and solubility products, which may affect the discussion's conclusions.

wywong
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An aqueous solution of CuSO4 has a pH around 4. That means there are more H+ ions than OH-. Since the H+ ions come from dissociation of water, there must be an equal amount of OH-. Where have all the OH- ions gone? I suppose they are locked up as Cu(OH)2. However, the latter is highly insoluble in water. So why doesn't Cu(OH)2 precipitate out? I guess chelation of Cu(OH)2 by H3O+ may make it soluble. However, I have been unable to find any information about such chelation. Can anyone help?

CuCl2, AlSO4, CaCl2 etc. all pose a similar problem.

Many TIAs.

Wai Wong
 
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Solution may contain some amount of copper (or other cation) complexed by OH- groups. There usually whole families of soluble complexes - like CuOH+, Cu2(OH)22+, Cu(OH)42- - involved.

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Thanks Borek!

BTW, I think Cu(OH)42- shouldn't be there, or otherwise Cu(OH)2 would be soluble in water or alkaline solutions.

Wai Wong
 
It depends on the relative values of the stability constant and solubility product. These are taken from the equilibria database, that means it is possible to trace the source of the information.

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I am not good at finding those constants, but according to several sources, Cu(OH)42- forms only at very high pH, suggesting a low stability constant.

Never mind. The root of my question has already been well answered.

Thanks

Wai Wong
 

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