Intuition for Euler's identity

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    Identity Intuition
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SUMMARY

This discussion centers on the intuitive understanding of Euler's identity, specifically the role of imaginary exponents in rotation within the complex plane. The key takeaway is that the real part of an exponent, such as e, does not contribute to rotation; it acts solely as a multiplier. In contrast, the imaginary part, represented by eiy, is responsible for the rotation, tracing a circle in the complex plane and resulting in the value of -1 after a rotation of π radians.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of complex numbers and the complex plane
  • Familiarity with Euler's formula, eix = cos(x) + i sin(x)
  • Basic knowledge of real and imaginary exponents
  • Concept of rotation in the complex plane
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and implications of Euler's formula
  • Explore the geometric interpretation of complex exponentials
  • Learn about the properties of complex numbers and their applications
  • Investigate the relationship between real and imaginary components in complex functions
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Mathematicians, physics students, educators, and anyone interested in deepening their understanding of complex analysis and Euler's identity.

Prem1998
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I read an intuitive approach on this website. You should read it, it's worth it:
https://betterexplained.com/articles/intuitive-understanding-of-eulers-formula/

I read that an imaginary exponent continuously rotates us perpendicularly, therefore, a circle is traced and we end up on -1 after rotating through pi radians.
If that's true, then why doesn't e^-pi rotates us continuously through 180 degrees so that we end up on the negative axis? '-' has more rotating power than 'i',right?
And, if that's not true, then please share your intuition of the formula.
 
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Prem1998 said:
I read an intuitive approach on this website. You should read it, it's worth it:
https://betterexplained.com/articles/intuitive-understanding-of-eulers-formula/

I read that an imaginary exponent continuously rotates us perpendicularly, therefore, a circle is traced and we end up on -1 after rotating through pi radians.
If that's true, then why doesn't e^-pi rotates us continuously through 180 degrees so that we end up on the negative axis? '-' has more rotating power than 'i',right?
No. The real part of the exponent does no rotation at all. Suppose we separate the exponent x+iy, into its real part, x, and its imaginary part, iy. Then ex+iy = exeiy, where the factor ex is the usual real exponential and eiy is a pure rotation in the complex plane. ex is just a pure multiplier with no rotation of the vector eiy in the complex plane. So e does no rotation at all.
 

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