That's because, as has already been pointed out, our actual universe is not completely isotropic, or homogeneous, which is more to the point with this particular observation. ("Isotropic" means "looks the same in all directions". "Homogeneous" means "looks the same at every point". If different points are distinguishable, that, strictly speaking, means the universe is not homogeneous; if the universe looks different in different directions, then it is not isotropic.)
In your scenario, the universe is not homogeneous (points A, B, and C are distinguishable) and not isotropic (things look different along the direction of the line that A, B, and C lie on, than they do in other directions). Since B is directly between C and A, yes, unless B is transparent, A and C would be unable to see each other.
To make a situation more like the actual universe, and to see what cosmologists actually mean when they say our universe is, to a good approximation on large scales, homogeneous and isotropic, imagine that there are observers in galaxy clusters distributed in all 3 spatial directions, roughly equally spaced (a few billion light years apart), and all looking around them to see what the universe looks like. Suppose A, B, and C are three of these observers, each in their own galaxy cluster (since galaxy clusters are about the scale on which our own universe starts to be homogeneous and isotropic to a good approximation), who happen to lie roughly along a line, in the order given.
Obviously these observers can tell that the universe is not exactly homogeneous and isotropic, since each of them can distinguish their own galaxy cluster from the others, and they can distinguish the direction along the line along which the galaxy clusters of A, B, and C lie from other directions. But they do notice that the spacing of galaxy clusters, on average, is about the same everywhere and in all directions (the direction along which A, B, and C lie does not look any different on average from other directions), and that the overall nature of the galaxy clusters (size, number of galaxies in the cluster, average distribution of galaxies by size, etc.) is about the same everywhere and in all directions. So even though their particular galaxy clusters are distinguishable if you look at fine details, they are all three basically the same kind of galaxy cluster, and they are distributed in space about the same as all the other galaxy clusters. It is in that sense that our own universe is homogeneous and isotropic.