Is Zero a Frequency? Miller G.A, Frick F.C. Statistical Behavioristics 1949

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the equation presented by Miller G.A. and Frick F.C. in their 1949 paper, which measures sequence variability through relative frequencies (RF) of possible sequences. The equation is defined as -∑_(i=1)^16 ([RF)_i*log_2 (RF_i)])/(log_2 (16)), where a value of 1 indicates equal production of sequences and 0 indicates production of only one sequence. A key issue arises when calculating the log base 2 of a relative frequency of zero, leading to an indeterminate form. The proposed solution involves ignoring unproduced sequences to avoid this mathematical complication.

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  • Understanding of relative frequency in statistical analysis
  • Familiarity with logarithmic functions, specifically log base 2
  • Knowledge of sequence variability concepts in behavioral statistics
  • Basic grasp of limits in calculus, particularly Lim (x->0) of xlog(x)
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Statisticians, behavioral scientists, and researchers analyzing sequence variability and frequency distributions in psychological studies.

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I've been playing with an equation that purports to provide a measure of sequence variability
Miller G.A, Frick F.C. Statistical behavioristics and sequences of responses. Psychological Review. 1949;56:311–324

If a person is asked to produce a sequence of responses and there are say 16 possible sequences the statistic is

-∑_(i=1)^16 ([RF)_i*log_2 (RF_i)])/(log_2 (16)) , where 16 equals the number of possible sequences and RFi is the relative frequency of any given sequence.

1 mean they've produced each sequence equally often, and zero that they've produced just one sequence.

So here's my problem, if someone doesn't produce a particular sequence I'm then faced with the conundram do I use a relative frequency of zero? If I do I'm then faced with the problem of trying to calculate log base 2 of zero and also multiply that by zero in the numerator - the solution to this is indeterminate and I can't solve it. So either I ignore sequences that weren't produced when summing across relative frequencies - if I do then I can avoid trying solve for log 2 (0), and I can solve this problem - or at least get estimates of U that are bigger when . But this seems very inelegant. Any thoughts on this would be helpful.
 
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Lim (x->0) of xlog(x) = 0, for any base.
 

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