KE and speed of a sphere near a fixed charge

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the kinetic energy (KE) and speed of a tiny sphere with a mass of 8.60 µg and a charge of -2.80 nC, released from a distance of 1.44 µm from a fixed charge of +8.53 nC. The correct kinetic energy when the sphere is 0.500 µm from the fixed charge is determined to be 0.28 J, while the corresponding speed is calculated to be 8070 m/s. The participants clarify the use of potential energy (PE) formulas and the relationship between KE and speed, emphasizing the importance of accurate distance measurements in the calculations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electrostatic potential energy (PE) calculations
  • Familiarity with kinetic energy (KE) equations
  • Knowledge of the relationship between mass, velocity, and kinetic energy
  • Basic principles of electrostatics and charge interactions
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the derivation of the potential energy formula PE = k(q1q2/r)
  • Study the relationship between kinetic energy and speed using KE = mv²/2
  • Explore the concept of conservation of energy in electrostatic systems
  • Practice problems involving charged particles and their motion in electric fields
USEFUL FOR

Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on electrostatics and energy conservation, as well as educators seeking to clarify concepts related to kinetic and potential energy in charged systems.

jbarnhart5
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Homework Statement



A tiny sphere of mass 8.60 µg and charge −2.80 nC is initially at a distance of 1.44 µm from a fixed charge of +8.53 nC.

(a) If the 8.60-µg sphere is released from rest, find its kinetic energy when it is 0.500 µm from the fixed charge.

(b) If the 8.60-µg sphere is released from rest, find its speed when it is 0.500 µm from the fixed charge.

Homework Equations



At least what I believe are relevant equations: PE1 + KE1 = PE2 + KE2
PE = k(q1q2/r)
KE = mv2/2

The Attempt at a Solution



The sphere is released at rest, so KE1 = 0 --> KE2 = PE2 - PE1 = ΔPE

ΔPE = ke(q1q2/r0-r1) = 8.99e-09(2.80e-09C*8.53e-09C)/(1.44e-06m - 5.0e-07m) = 0.23 J

This answer continues to come back wrong. I am supposed to be getting 0.28 J, but I'm not sure why.

The second part should be easy if I get the PE correct.

KE = PE = v(sqrt(m/2)) --> 0.28J/(sqrt(8.6e-09kg/2)) = 4269 m/s

...but that is wrong too. It should be 8070 m/s.
 
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How did you get the formula for the PE change, and how did you get the formula for speed from KE?
 
voko said:
How did you get the formula for the PE change, and how did you get the formula for speed from KE?

I thought that's what they were. I don't have the book so I'm trying to work from memory. Apparently its not right?
 
None of them. The stuff you have in relevant equations, however, is good. You should be able to use that. Especially the PE change should be very straightforward.
 
OK, so I think I have this figured out. Using the formula for PE, I calculated with d=1.44e-6 m for PE1 and 5.0e-7 for PE2. Then take PE2 - PE1 and I got the right answer. Finally...thanks for the nudge in the right direction.
Then for speed it was v = sqrt(2KE/M)
 
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