Making Matter Out of Extra Particles

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the possibility of creating or observing atoms with nuclei composed of charmed and strange quarks, as well as the presence of muons or other heavy particles in atomic structures. The scope includes theoretical considerations, experimental observations, and the stability of such particles.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants inquire about the existence of atoms with nuclei made of charmed and strange quarks, surrounded by muons or other heavy particles.
  • One participant notes that muons can exist in atomic orbitals and that hypernuclei, which contain strange quarks, have been identified, although they are short-lived due to the instability of the particles involved.
  • Another participant expresses skepticism about the feasibility of creating such atoms, citing the short lifetimes of heavier quarks and their inability to form stable structures.
  • It is mentioned that hypernuclei and muons are rare products of high-energy collisions, and while they may have been produced, confirming their existence in a background of other events poses significant challenges.
  • There is a consensus that the top quark is too short-lived to form bound states in hadrons.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the feasibility and experimental evidence for creating atoms with heavy quark nuclei and muons. While some acknowledge the existence of hypernuclei, others remain uncertain about the practical observation of such systems.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations related to the stability of heavy quarks and the challenges in experimental detection due to background noise in high-energy collisions.

Ontophobe
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Have we ever observed or created atoms with nuclei made up of charmed and strange quarks, surrounded by a muon "cloud" or "shell"? Or perhaps an atom with a top-and-bottom-quark-nucleus and a tau particle orbiting it?
 
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You can have muons in atomic orbitals and you can have strange quarks in the nucleus - these are called hypernuclei. Both are very short lived because they are made of unstable particles.
 
I don't think we have. Muons live long enough to make e.g. muonium, but the heavier quarks (or the nucleus candidates they can form) live too shortly to play these games.
 
Both hypernuclei (at least two nucleons, and at least one of them with a heavier quark) and muons are rare products of high-energetic collisions, getting two of them close enough in phase-space to get bound will happen extremely rarely. I don't know numbers - we might have produced them, but I don't think there are experimental results. Such a study will have a hard time finding a few events in a huge background.

Individually, they have been observed of course.

The top-quark is too short-living to get bound in hadrons.
 
Thanks a lot guys. I can't tell you how much I appreciate your straightforward answers :)
 

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