Measurement of an entangled Particles in two Different Bases

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the measurement of entangled spin-half particles, specifically using the Bell Equation in the Z-axis and its transformation under a rotated planar direction. The wave function is expressed as a combination of states dependent on the angle θ, with Alice measuring one particle and Bob measuring the other. The key question is the probability of Bob obtaining the outcomes of spin-up (↑) or spin-down (↓) in the Z direction after Alice's measurement in the θ direction. The entanglement collapses upon Alice's measurement, necessitating the use of the wave function to determine the probabilities of Bob's measurements.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly entanglement and measurement.
  • Familiarity with Bell's theorem and the Bell Equation.
  • Knowledge of wave functions and their role in quantum state representation.
  • Basic grasp of angular measurements in quantum systems.
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  • Explore the implications of wave function collapse in quantum mechanics.
  • Research the mathematical derivation of probabilities in quantum entanglement scenarios.
  • Study the concept of cross measurement in entangled systems.
  • Investigate the role of angular momentum in quantum state measurements.
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Quantum physicists, students of quantum mechanics, and researchers interested in the behavior of entangled particles and measurement theory.

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Consider two entangled spin half particles given by the generic form of Bell Equation in Z-axis:
##\psi = (a\uparrow \uparrow + b\downarrow \downarrow)## where ##a^2+b^2=1##

In a (2D) planer rotated (by an angle ##\theta##) direction the new equation can be given by:

##|\psi \rangle = [\alpha \cos^2(\theta/2) + \beta \sin^2(\theta/2)] |\uparrow\uparrow \rangle + ##
##[(\alpha \sin^2 \theta/2 + \beta \cos^2 \theta/2)] |\downarrow\downarrow \rangle ##
##[(\beta-\alpha) \cos(\theta/2) \sin(\theta/2)] (|\uparrow\uparrow \rangle +|\uparrow\downarrow \rangle +##

Now Alice keeps one particle and sends the other to Bob. Here is the Q:

1. Suppose, Alice measures the particle in ##\theta## direction. Then after that, Bob measures in the Z direction. What is the probability of Bob getting the particle ##\uparrow## and ##\downarrow## in Z directions each.

I know that as soon as Alice measures the particle in ##\theta## direction, the entanglement collapses. So we can measure the probability by using the wave function. But, can someone help with the cases for 'cross measurement'?
 
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If you are just interested in Bob's measurement on its own you can ignore what Alice does.
If you need the correlation look at the wave function from the perspective of one of them and calculate the chance that the other one measures one of the outcomes.
 

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