Mutations that allow voluntary control of normally involuntary muscles?

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SUMMARY

This discussion centers on the possibility of mutations enabling voluntary control over involuntary muscles, specifically within the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. It is established that such mutations would likely be detrimental to the phenotype due to selective pressures. The conversation highlights the complexity of neural connections required for this control, noting that significant changes would be necessary. Additionally, examples of individuals, such as yoga practitioners, demonstrate learned control over certain involuntary functions, like the epiglottis, which can be manipulated to redirect airflow.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
  • Knowledge of neural connections and their functions
  • Familiarity with human physiology and muscle control
  • Basic concepts of evolutionary biology and selective pressure
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  • Research the mechanisms of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system interactions
  • Explore case studies of individuals mastering involuntary muscle control through practices like yoga
  • Investigate the role of neural plasticity in muscle control
  • Examine the evolutionary implications of mutations affecting muscle control
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This discussion is beneficial for neuroscientists, physiologists, yoga instructors, and anyone interested in the intersection of genetics, muscle control, and evolutionary biology.

Simfish
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I know that such mutations would be harmful to the phenotype and thus there would be selective pressure against them. Nonetheless, do they exist? (and are there any conditions associated with them?)
 
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My opinion only.

It would take more than a single mutation to let this happen. The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems (the ones I'm on about anyway) go thru different plumbing, ie., nerve connections, than do regular motor neurons. And they ultimately connect to different parts of the brain. Lots and lots of changes required.

I do not know of any direct "two-way" connections like you mention. Some animals with neural nets, like jellyfish, might be construed to meet your requirements.

There are examples of humans who have learned to control heart rates, for example, masters of yoga.
 
I can think of one example in humans. The epiglottis is the flap that covers your trachea when your swallowing. A belch happens when air goes into your stomach. Like some people I can control my epiglottis (which is usually involuntary) so that it covers my trachea when inhaling. This causes the air that would normally go into my lungs to go into my stomach. I have not tried keeping my trachea open while swallowing because that would result in choking.
 

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