Intuition and trial and error. I started comparing original sequence with others - like nx and xn, observing the difference - too much here, not enough here, too fast, too slow, guessing what kind of function differences are and creating new sequences from those powers and those functions... and at some point differences between my sequence and original sequence were in arithmetic progression. Ability to do menthal arithmetic helped at this point enormously although most of the trial and error was done with spreadsheet. Somewhere between 5 and 10 minutes.