Notation regarding the dipole approximation

In summary, the conversation discusses the inclusion of the hat symbol in the dipole operator in the dipole approximation in quantum mechanics. It is noted that it is normal for students to be pedantic about including hats on operators when first learning about them, but later on it may be left off out of laziness or to avoid confusion with unit vectors.
  • #1
Niles
1,866
0

Homework Statement


Hi

Whenever I read about the dipole approximation in QM, then the Hamiltonian is given as
[tex]
\hat {V}_{\text{dipole}} = -\mathbf{d}\cdot \mathbf{E}
[/tex]
where E is the electric field and d the dipole operator. What I am wondering about is that d is an operator. Is it wrong to include the hat in the interaction? As in
[tex]
\hat {V}_{\text{dipole}} = -\hat{\mathbf{d}}\cdot \mathbf{E}
[/tex]This is probably a silly question, but it is something that has been on my mind for some time.Niles.
 
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  • #2
It's normal to be pedantic about putting hats on operators when students are just starting to learn about them. Later on in the course they can distinguish operators from context, so they might get left off by laziness. In the case of the dipole operator above, it's also likely that putting the hat might cause some readers to believe that it refers to a unit vector, so it's reasonable to leave it off.
 
  • #3
I see, thanks!
 

1. What is the dipole approximation?

The dipole approximation is a simplification used in quantum mechanics to describe the interactions between a charged particle and an external electromagnetic field. It assumes that the electric field experienced by the particle can be approximated as a linear function of the distance from the center of the particle.

2. Why is the dipole approximation used?

The dipole approximation is used because it simplifies the mathematical calculations involved in describing the interactions between a charged particle and an electromagnetic field. It is also a good approximation for particles that are small compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation.

3. What is the equation for the dipole approximation?

The equation for the dipole approximation is given by V(r) = -p · E(r), where V is the potential energy, p is the dipole moment, and E is the electric field.

4. What is the dipole moment?

The dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges within a molecule or particle. It is defined as the product of the magnitude of the charge and the distance between the charges.

5. When is the dipole approximation not valid?

The dipole approximation is not valid for particles that are large compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. In these cases, higher order terms in the electric field cannot be neglected and a more accurate description of the interactions between the particle and the field is needed.

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