On theorem 1.19 in Folland's and completion of measure

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on theorem 1.19 from Folland's work, which establishes the relationship between Borel measures and complete measures. Specifically, it asserts that for an increasing and right-continuous function, the Borel measure ##\mu_F## can be extended to a complete measure ##\bar\mu_F## that encompasses the Borel ##\sigma##-algebra. The completion of the measure space is defined through the null sets, leading to the conclusion that ##\mathcal{M}_\mu## is equivalent to the completion of the Borel ##\sigma##-algebra, denoted as ##\overline{\mathcal{B}}_\mathbb{R}##.

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  • Understanding of Borel measures and the Borel ##\sigma##-algebra
  • Familiarity with Lebesgue-Stieltjes measures
  • Knowledge of measure theory concepts such as ##G_\delta## and ##F_\sigma## sets
  • Proficiency in the properties of null sets and their implications in measure completion
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  • Study the implications of theorem 1.19 in Folland's text on measure theory
  • Explore the construction and properties of Lebesgue-Stieltjes measures
  • Investigate the completion of ##\sigma##-algebras and their applications in measure theory
  • Review examples of ##G_\delta## and ##F_\sigma## sets in the context of Borel measures
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psie
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I'm struggling with a remark on page 35 in Folland's text. He makes a connection to a theorem that comes later, theorem 1.19, and I don't see connection.
Folland remarks on page 35 that each increasing and right-continuous function gives rise to not only a Borel measure ##\mu_F##, but also a complete measure ##\bar\mu_F## which includes the Borel ##\sigma##-algebra. He then says that the complete measure is the extension of the measure and that this should follow from the below theorem, theorem 1.19, where ##\mathcal M_\mu## is the domain of the complete (Lebesgue-Stieltjes) measure ##\mu##. How?

theorem19.PNG


(A ##G_\delta## set is a countable intersection of open sets, and a ##F_\sigma## set is a countable union of closed sets.)

From what I recall, I need to show that if $$N_1\subset E,E\in\mathcal M_\mu\text{ and }\mu(E)=0 \implies N_1\in\mathcal M_\mu.$$ The theorem, on the other hand, says that if ##E\in\mathcal M_\mu##, then there exists a (##G_\delta## set) ##V\in\mathcal B_\mathbb R\subset \mathcal M_\mu## such that ##E=V\setminus N_1## and ##\mu(N_1)=0##.

I struggle with putting the pieces together.

EDIT: Upon closer thought, maybe I need to use (c) and the fact that the completion ##\overline{\mathcal M}## of a ##\sigma##-algebra ##\mathcal M##, where ##\mathcal N=\{N\in\mathcal M:\mu(N)=0\}##, is $$\overline{\mathcal M}=\{E\cup F: E\in\mathcal M\text{ and } F\subset N\text{ for some } N\in\mathcal N\}.\tag1$$ Yet, I still don't see how theorem 1.19c and ##(1)## say the same thing.
 
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After some more thinking, I think I now understand how to show this.

##\overline{\mu}_F## is the completion of ##\mu_F##.

Recall that if ##(X,\mathcal M,\mu)## is a measure space and ##\mathcal N=\{N\in\mathcal M:\mu(N)=0\}##, then the complete ##\sigma##-algebra is $$\overline{\mathcal M}=\{E\cup F: E\in\mathcal M\text{ and } F\subset N\text{ for some } N\in\mathcal N\}.$$ We prove ##\mathcal{M}_\mu=\overline{\mathcal{B}}_\mathbb{R}##. If ##E\in\mathcal{M}_\mu##, then ##E=H\cup N##, where ##H## is an ##F_\sigma\in\mathcal{B}_\mathbb{R}## and ##\mu(N)=0##, so ##E\in\overline{\mathcal{B}}_\mathbb{R}##. For the other inclusion, suppose ##E\in\overline{\mathcal B}_\mathbb{R}##, then ##E=F\cup N_1## where ##F## is a Borel set and ##N_1## is a null set. But note, ##F=H\cup N_2##, where ##H## is an ##F_\sigma## set (since ##\mathcal B_\mathbb{R}\subset\mathcal M_\mu##). And since ##N_1\cup N_2## is a null set, ##H\cup (N_1\cup N_2)=E\in\mathcal M_\mu##.
 

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