Oxidation reaction from alcohol to aldehyde

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SUMMARY

The oxidation reaction from primary alcohols to aldehydes or carboxylic acids, and secondary alcohols to ketones, necessitates the presence of protons (H+) to facilitate electron transfer. The oxidizing agent, such as MnO4-, requires a strong electrolytic solution to be reduced, which in turn allows the alcohol to undergo oxidation. The half-reaction for MnO4- indicates that a low pH environment, rich in protons, is essential for effective oxidation. Thus, protons play a critical role in the overall reaction mechanism.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of oxidation-reduction reactions
  • Familiarity with MnO4- as an oxidizing agent
  • Knowledge of acid-base chemistry, particularly the role of protons
  • Basic grasp of organic chemistry, specifically alcohol functional groups
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mechanism of oxidation reactions involving MnO4-
  • Study the role of protons in redox reactions
  • Explore the effects of pH on oxidation reactions
  • Learn about other oxidizing agents used in organic chemistry
USEFUL FOR

Chemistry students, organic chemists, and anyone interested in understanding the mechanisms of oxidation reactions involving alcohols and aldehydes.

kathyt.25
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My original question:
Why do oxidation reactions from primary alcohols to aldehydyes/carboxylic acids, or secondary alcohols to ketones require an acid (positive hydrogen ion)? I can see that the reason we have an oxidizing agent is to take away two hydrogen ions from the alcohol, but
why do we need an additional positive hydrogen ion?

Someone's response:
You need a strong electrolytic solution to facilitate the transition
(movement) of electrons... because in order for MnO4 to be reduced
(and cause an oxidation), it needs a source of protons as part of the
chemistry.


Can someone explain WHY we need protons in order for the oxidizing agent to be reduced, and therefore oxidize the alcohol?
If an alcohol is being oxidized to become an aldehyde, it's losing two hydrogen atoms, which are positive... why would these positive hydrogen atoms (protons) be drawn to the source of protons?
 
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It has nothing to do with alcohol/aldehyde. MnO4- half reaction is

MnO4- + 8H+ -> Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5e-

To be an effective oxidizer it requires low pH.
 

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