P vs NP undecidable consequences

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Dragonfall
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I don't understand why if P vs NP can't be decided in ZFC, then there exist "near" polynomial time algorithms for NP. How would that possibly work?
 
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A solution to one of the NP-complete problems, whose proof would involve some other formal language (say, if one found a polynomial time solution to the subset sum problem using number theory or algebra), and then reducing all the other problems to this solution might work.