Graduate Possible Ways to reduce Electron field Emission threshold

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The discussion centers on reducing the electric field required for electron tunneling, specifically questioning why calculated values using the Schottky-Nordheim approach (870 kV/mm) differ significantly from measured values (250 kV/mm). The inquiry includes considerations of work function, surface roughness, and space charges. Participants are asked to clarify whether the emission occurs into free space or between conductors, as this context could influence the results. The conversation highlights the need for understanding the mechanisms behind these discrepancies in high voltage applications. Overall, the thread seeks insights into the factors affecting electron field emission thresholds.
domovinavi
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Hello there,

i wanted to ask if anyone knows a process or mechanism, that reduces the electric field that is requiered to tunnel an electron. When i use the work function of 4 eV (Aluminum) i get with Schottky-Nordheim approach a field of 870 kV/mm to tunnel an electron. Measurements tho just get in the best case to 250 kV/mm, also including calculations for surface roughness and space charges. Does anyone have an idea what the possible reason is for this behaviour?Context: breakdown measurements of high voltage applications
 
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Can you explain a bit more. Is this emission into free space or between conductors?
 

Thread 'Two equivalent statements of time reversal symmetric Hamiltonian'

Time reversal invariant Hamiltonians must satisfy ##[H,\Theta]=0## where ##\Theta## is time reversal operator. However, in some texts (for example see Many-body Quantum Theory in Condensed Matter Physics an introduction, HENRIK BRUUS and KARSTEN FLENSBERG, Corrected version: 14 January 2016, section 7.1.4) the time reversal invariant condition is introduced as ##H=H^*##. How these two conditions are identical?
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