Predict the hybridization and geometry of the indicated atom

In summary, the student is seeking help with predicting hybridization and geometry of a given atom. They are unsure of how to count the groups around the atom and are seeking further explanation. They also inquire about the meaning and significance of a minus or plus sign above the indicated atom. The number of groups is determined by counting the sigma bonds and lone pairs around the atom, as only these will use hybridized orbitals. In the examples given, the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs determine the hybridization (sp3 for CH3 and sp2 for CH3+).
  • #1
CMATT
32
1

Homework Statement


Predict the hybridization and geometry of the indicated atom. Answer all parts.

Homework Equations


CH3CH2

There is a ( - ) sign above the second C

Hybridization = ?
Geometry = ?

The Attempt at a Solution


I know I'm supposed to count the groups around the atom, but I'm stuck on that and that's the first step. By finding that out, I can determine the number of orbitals used, and then the type of hybrid orbital.

Can someone explain how to count the number of groups? The more help the better, I really do not get it.
Thanks.
 
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  • #2
What does the minus mean?

What if that was a plus?
 
  • #3
CMATT said:

Homework Statement


Predict the hybridization and geometry of the indicated atom. Answer all parts.

Thanks.
Groups are the sigma bonds and lone pairs around the atom .Only sigma bonds and lone pairs are going to use hybridized orbitals ..sigma bonds are actually equal to number of atoms around that atom .
like in this example
CH3 - in this case C has three sigma bonds with three atoms and one lone pair because of a negative charge ..so it requires four hybridized orbitals ...hence sp3
in CH3+
only three sigma bonds and no lone pair ...so it is sp2
 

1. What is hybridization and how is it determined?

Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals. It is determined by the number of electron groups around a central atom, with each group representing a bonding or lone pair of electrons. The hybridization is determined by the number and type of these groups.

2. How do you determine the geometry of a molecule?

The geometry of a molecule is determined by the arrangement of its atoms and the number of electron groups around the central atom. This can be determined by using the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, which states that electron groups will arrange themselves in a way to minimize repulsion and achieve the most stable molecular structure.

3. What is the difference between molecular geometry and electron geometry?

Molecular geometry refers to the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, while electron geometry refers to the arrangement of electron groups around a central atom. In some cases, the molecular geometry and electron geometry may be the same, but in others, they may differ due to the presence of lone pairs of electrons.

4. How can you determine the hybridization of an atom in a molecule?

The hybridization of an atom in a molecule can be determined by looking at the number and type of electron groups around the central atom. For example, if an atom has 4 electron groups (2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs), it will have a sp3 hybridization. The type of hybridization can also be determined by the molecular geometry of the molecule.

5. Can the hybridization and geometry of an atom change in a molecule?

Yes, the hybridization and geometry of an atom can change in a molecule. This can occur when a molecule undergoes a chemical reaction, causing the bonds and electron groups around the central atom to rearrange. The new arrangement of the atoms and electron groups may result in a change in hybridization and geometry.

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