Preparation of alkenes from alcohols

In summary, the possible pentenes that can be prepared from alcohols are CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 and CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3, both in the presence of H+ and heat. There is also the possibility of isomers and branched pentenes.
  • #1
ChemDoodle
25
0
Q. Draw the structure for all possible alkenes & the alcohols from which they can be prepared.

CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 <---- CH3-CHOH-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 <---- CH2OH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Both in the presence of H+ & heat.

I also drew Cyclopentanol from which we can prepare Cyclopentene.

Are these all the possible pentenes? And are these equations correct?

Thankyou (:
 
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  • #2
I suppose they need to have 5 C atoms , as if not the possibilities would be cosmological :P.
 
  • #3
There is a third pentanol which you have not included.

There are also branched pentenes - but whether they count may depend on the exact wording of the question.

Plus zillions of compounds with other number of carbons :wink:

--
methods
 
  • #4
Lok said:
I suppose they need to have 5 C atoms , as if not the possibilities would be cosmological :P.
Haha Yeaa..I meant pentenes not alkenes :P :$
 
  • #5
ChemDoodle said:
Q. Draw the structure for all possible alkenes & the alcohols from which they can be prepared.

CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 <---- CH3-CHOH-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 <---- CH2OH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Both in the presence of H+ & heat.

I also drew Cyclopentanol from which we can prepare Cyclopentene.

Are these all the possible pentenes? And are these equations correct?

Thankyou (:

Good so far, but incomplete. For example you can get to CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 from two precursor alcohols (and you have written them both) and you can get to CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 from two precursor alcohols, one of which you have shown and one is not shown.

And of course there are the isomers that Borek mentioned as well.
 

What is the general reaction for the preparation of alkenes from alcohols?

The general reaction for the preparation of alkenes from alcohols is known as dehydration. This reaction involves the removal of a water molecule from an alcohol molecule, resulting in the formation of an alkene.

What is the purpose of using a strong acid in the preparation of alkenes from alcohols?

A strong acid, such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, is used in the preparation of alkenes from alcohols to act as a catalyst. It helps to protonate the alcohol molecule, making it easier for a water molecule to leave and form the alkene.

How can alkenes be separated from other products in the reaction mixture?

Alkenes can be separated from other products in the reaction mixture through distillation. Since alkenes have a lower boiling point than alcohols, they can be separated from the mixture by heating the solution and collecting the gaseous alkene.

What is the major drawback of using sulfuric acid as a catalyst in the preparation of alkenes from alcohols?

The major drawback of using sulfuric acid as a catalyst in this reaction is that it can lead to the formation of unwanted by-products. Sulfuric acid is a strong dehydrating agent and can cause further reactions to occur, resulting in the formation of impurities.

Is there a difference in the reactivity of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols in the preparation of alkenes?

Yes, there is a difference in the reactivity of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols in this reaction. Tertiary alcohols are the most reactive and can undergo dehydration at lower temperatures, while primary alcohols require higher temperatures and longer reaction times. Secondary alcohols fall in between the two in terms of reactivity.

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