Proving a graph not simple and planar after adding edges

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The discussion revolves around proving that no more than three edges can be added to a connected, planar, simple graph G while maintaining its properties. The initial attempt incorrectly assumed that adding vertices was permissible, leading to confusion about the graph's planarity. The key point is that while the inequality E ≤ 3V - 6 holds, it is not sufficient alone to prove planarity, as demonstrated by the example of K3,3, which is non-planar despite meeting the edge condition. The focus should be on showing that adding more than three edges would inevitably create a non-planar configuration. Ultimately, the discussion emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of graph properties and planarity constraints.
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Homework Statement


YWeKXRJ.png


Prove that no more than 3 edges can be added to G while keeping it planar and simple.
(The graph in the image is graph G)

Homework Equations


For a connected, planar, simple graph G, with E edges and V vertices:
E ≤ 3V - 6

The Attempt at a Solution


At first, we have 9 edges, and 6 vertices:

9 ≤ 3(6) - 6 → 9 ≤ 12

However, if I just add 4 vertices off to the side, say to the right, and draw four edges connecting them all to vertex E, we'd have 13 edges and 10 vertices.

13 ≤ 3(10) - 6 → 13 ≤ 24 which is still true.

Am I misunderstanding one of the definitions in this problem? I'm not quite getting how what I'm doing isn't keeping the graph planar and simple.

Edit: Clarified equation
 
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cmkluza said:
I'm not quite getting how what I'm doing isn't keeping the graph planar and simple.
It does not say you can add any vertices.
 
haruspex said:
It does not say you can add any vertices.

Ah, ok, not sure where my assumption that I could came from. So, does it suffice as mathematical proof to just show that:

9 ≤ 12
9 + 3 ≤ 12 - is true
9 + 4 ≤ 12 - is not true

Thanks!
 
cmkluza said:
Ah, ok, not sure where my assumption that I could came from. So, does it suffice as mathematical proof to just show that:

9 ≤ 12
9 + 3 ≤ 12 - is true
9 + 4 ≤ 12 - is not true

Thanks!
No. The inequality is necessary but not sufficient. Consider K3,3. It has 9 edges, 6 vertices, but is not planar.
 
So, any ideas or plan?
I think the 6 vertices are inviting you to try and show the result of adding more than 3 edges would contain K3,3 which is non-planar.
 

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