Proving a graph not simple and planar after adding edges

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around proving that no more than 3 edges can be added to a given graph G while maintaining its properties as a planar and simple graph. The problem involves understanding the constraints of planar graphs and the implications of adding edges.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants explore the implications of adding edges to the graph and question the definitions of planar and simple graphs. There is a discussion about the validity of adding vertices and how it affects the proof.

Discussion Status

Participants are actively questioning assumptions about the problem, particularly regarding the addition of vertices and edges. Some guidance has been offered regarding the necessity of the inequality for planarity, but there is no explicit consensus on the proof approach yet.

Contextual Notes

There is a noted constraint that the problem does not allow for the addition of vertices, which has led to some confusion among participants regarding their assumptions and reasoning.

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Homework Statement


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Prove that no more than 3 edges can be added to G while keeping it planar and simple.
(The graph in the image is graph G)

Homework Equations


For a connected, planar, simple graph G, with E edges and V vertices:
E ≤ 3V - 6

The Attempt at a Solution


At first, we have 9 edges, and 6 vertices:

9 ≤ 3(6) - 6 → 9 ≤ 12

However, if I just add 4 vertices off to the side, say to the right, and draw four edges connecting them all to vertex E, we'd have 13 edges and 10 vertices.

13 ≤ 3(10) - 6 → 13 ≤ 24 which is still true.

Am I misunderstanding one of the definitions in this problem? I'm not quite getting how what I'm doing isn't keeping the graph planar and simple.

Edit: Clarified equation
 
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cmkluza said:
I'm not quite getting how what I'm doing isn't keeping the graph planar and simple.
It does not say you can add any vertices.
 
haruspex said:
It does not say you can add any vertices.

Ah, ok, not sure where my assumption that I could came from. So, does it suffice as mathematical proof to just show that:

9 ≤ 12
9 + 3 ≤ 12 - is true
9 + 4 ≤ 12 - is not true

Thanks!
 
cmkluza said:
Ah, ok, not sure where my assumption that I could came from. So, does it suffice as mathematical proof to just show that:

9 ≤ 12
9 + 3 ≤ 12 - is true
9 + 4 ≤ 12 - is not true

Thanks!
No. The inequality is necessary but not sufficient. Consider K3,3. It has 9 edges, 6 vertices, but is not planar.
 
So, any ideas or plan?
I think the 6 vertices are inviting you to try and show the result of adding more than 3 edges would contain K3,3 which is non-planar.
 

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