Proving F is a Central Force: Alonso & Finn's Physics

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on proving that a force defined as F = k⋅u × v results in circular motion or a spiral parallel to the unit vector u. Participants emphasize the importance of demonstrating that angular velocity ω = k ⋅ u remains constant to establish circular motion. The conversation highlights that simply proving F is a central force does not guarantee circular orbits, as exemplified by planetary motion. A key step in the proof involves deriving the equation for the particle's acceleration.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of vector calculus and cross products
  • Familiarity with angular momentum concepts
  • Knowledge of circular motion and helix equations
  • Basic principles of classical mechanics as outlined in Alonso & Finn's "Fundamental University Physics"
NEXT STEPS
  • Derive the equation for particle acceleration under the force F = k⋅u × v
  • Study the relationship between angular velocity and circular motion
  • Explore the general equations of motion for helical trajectories
  • Investigate the implications of central forces in orbital mechanics
USEFUL FOR

Students and educators in physics, particularly those focusing on classical mechanics, as well as anyone interested in the mathematical foundations of motion under central forces.

Anastasis Pk
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Good afternoon!
Exercise: Prove that if a body moves under the action of a force F = k⋅u × v, where u is an arbitrary unit vector and v the velocity, the motion is circular with angular velocity ω = k ⋅ u or, in a more general case, a spiral parallel to u.

Source: (Alonso & Finn: Fundamental university physics)

I attempted to prove that F is a central force, so that the angular momentum is constant. Is that wrong?
Thank you in advance!
 
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Would showing F is a central force buy you anything? The force of the Sun on a planet is a central force. but the orbits aren't circular.
 
Anastasis Pk said:
I attempted to prove that F is a central force
That won't do it. F = k.v would satisfy that. Get an equation for the acceleration.
 
Thank you for your responses! In order to prove that it's motion is circular wouldn't it be sufficient to prove that ω is constant?
Could you "boost" me a bit?
 
Anastasis Pk said:
Thank you for your responses! In order to prove that it's motion is circular wouldn't it be sufficient to prove that ω is constant?
Not really. The question is asking you to demonstrate that the equation of motion corresponds to a particle moving at constant speed in a helix. (It says spiral, but it means helix.)
It might help if you could write down the general equation for such a motion, so that you could see what the answer has to look like. Hint: pick a suitable set of orthogonal unit vectors.
Anyway, the first (easy) step, as I posted originally, is to obtain an equation for the acceleration of the particle.
 

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