Renormalization of the non-linear [itex]\sigma[/itex] model

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the renormalization of the bosonic non-linear \(\sigma\) model at one-loop level, as detailed in the paper by Freedman. The action is expressed as \(I_B[\phi]=\frac{1}{2}\int d^2xg_{ij}(\phi^k)\partial_\mu\phi^i\partial_\mu\phi^j\). Key calculations involve perturbations and the functional \(\Omega_B[\phi]=\langle0|\exp i\int d^2xL_{\text{int}}(\phi,\xi)|0\rangle\), with specific attention to the interaction Lagrangian \(L_{\text{int}}\). The discussion raises questions about the treatment of external fields and the types of divergent diagrams encountered.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of bosonic non-linear \(\sigma\) models
  • Familiarity with one-loop renormalization techniques
  • Knowledge of Riemann normal coordinates
  • Experience with functional integrals in quantum field theory
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the action for the non-linear \(\sigma\) model
  • Learn about one-loop renormalization in quantum field theories
  • Investigate the role of external fields in perturbative calculations
  • Examine the types of divergent diagrams in quantum field theory
USEFUL FOR

The discussion is beneficial for theoretical physicists, particularly those specializing in quantum field theory, as well as researchers working on non-linear \(\sigma\) models and renormalization techniques.

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I have some questions about this paper:http://users.phys.psu.edu/~radu/extra_strings/freedman_sigma_model.pdf

In section 3, they renormalize the bosonic non-linear \sigma model at one loop level.
The action is given by
<br /> I_B[\phi]=\frac{1}{2}\int d^2xg_{ij}(\phi^k)\partial_\mu\phi^i\partial_\mu\phi^j.<br />
Perturbation \phi=\varphi+r of this action in Riemann normal coordinate is written by
<br /> \begin{align}<br /> I_B^{(2)}[\varphi+r]=I_B[\varphi]+\int d^2xg_{ij}\partial_\mu\varphi^iD_\mu\xi^j+\frac{1}{2}\int d^2x\left[g_{ij}D_\mu\xi^iD^\mu \xi^j+R_{ik_1k_2j}\xi^{k_1}\xi^{k_2}\partial_\mu\varphi^i\partial^\mu \partial^j\varphi\right].<br /> \end{align}<br />
The second term vanishes by using equation of motion. Then calculate the functional
<br /> \Omega_B[\phi]=\langle0|\exp i\int d^2xL_{\text{int}}(\phi,\xi)|0\rangle<br />
where
<br /> \int d^2xL_{\text{int}}(\phi,\xi)\equiv I_B^{(2)}[\phi,\xi^a]-\frac{1}{4}\int d^2x\partial_\mu\xi^a\partial_\mu\xi^a.<br />

According to this paper, the diagrams are like FIG2 and divergent one-loop diagrams are only these three types.

Why diagrams can be drawn like FIG2? I don't know how to treat the external field \phi.
Why divergent diagrams are the three types?
The definition of L_\text{int} is correct? I think it should be \int d^2xL_{\text{int}}(\phi,\xi)\equiv I_B^{(2)}[\phi,\xi^a]-\frac{1}{2}\int d^2x\partial_\mu\xi^a\partial_\mu\xi^a
 
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