Various sensors can be utilized to detect dirt on floors, with the Piezoelectric sensor being one example used in devices like the Roomba. Other potential sensors include optical sensors, which can identify dust and debris based on light reflection, and capacitive sensors, which can detect changes in capacitance caused by particles. The discussion emphasizes the need to define "dirty" in terms of particle density and size for effective sensor application. Understanding the specific requirements of the cleaning device is crucial for selecting the appropriate sensor technology. Overall, the conversation highlights the importance of sensor choice in enhancing the efficiency of robotic cleaning systems.