Solving tricky functional equation

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The discussion centers on solving the linear functional equation defined by the operator $$Q_w[f(x)] = \lim_{h\rightarrow w} \lbrace \frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h} \rbrace $$, leading to the equation $$a_0(x)Q_0[f(x)] = a_1(x)Q_1[f(x)]$$. For constant functions, the solution is derived using the assumption $$f(x) = e^{Lx}$$, resulting in the relationship $$\frac{L}{1 - e^{L}} = \frac{a_1}{a_0}$$, where L is determined using the Lambert-W function. The discussion suggests that for more general functions, exploring delay differential equations is essential.

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Frogeyedpeas
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Consider the following linear functional operator:

$$Q_w[f(x)] = \lim_{h\rightarrow w} \lbrace \frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h} \rbrace $$

How does one solve the equation

$$a_0(x)Q_0[f(x)] = a_1(x)Q_1[f(x)]$$

Spelt out that is:

$$a_0(x)*f'(x) = a_1(x)(f(x+1) - f(x))$$

For the case of constant functions $a_0(x) = a_0$ and $a_1(x) = a_1$ the solution is simply found by assuming

$$f(x) =e^{Lx}$$

thereby implying:

$$a_0L e^{Lx} = a_1(e^{Lx}(e^{L} - 1))$$

which can be solved as

$$\frac{L}{1 - e^{L}} = =\frac{a_1}{a_0} $$

And L can be extracted through the use of Lambert-W function.But what about more general functions?
 
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This is a delay differential equation, so I'd start looking there. (Not my expertise unfortunately)
 

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