Sonar & Wave Qs: High-Freq Signals, Resolution & Feasibility

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adam84
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Why are High-Frequency (Ultrasound?) signals used in sonar applications, what are the properties of high frequency that make it suitable? Is it that High frequency signals are more directional than low-frequency signals? Is it that High signals have a smaller wavelength so they give a better resolution?

When a sound wave leaves a source what properties of the wave determine the width or the peripheral distance of the signal. for example how far will the wave travel from the sides of the source?

When a sound wave is reflected from an object what properties of the reflected wave differ from the source wave? does the frequency remain the same? does the amplitude change?

This all leads to my main question, Is it feasible to create a acoustic distance measuring program using a desktop computers speakers (20Khz signal) and microphone to measure distance of objects?

Thanks in advance
 
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