Space and time -- Is the term "light year" really correct?

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the accuracy of the term "light year" when describing astronomical distances, specifically questioning whether stating an object is "7 billion light years away" is equivalent to saying it is "7 billion years ago." Participants clarify that a light year is a unit of distance, representing how far light travels in one year, and emphasize that the two phrases convey different concepts. The conversation highlights the importance of understanding the distinction between distance and time in cosmological contexts, particularly when considering the effects of relativity and the nature of light travel over vast distances.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of light year as a unit of distance
  • Basic knowledge of relativity and its implications on simultaneity
  • Familiarity with cosmological concepts such as co-moving coordinates
  • Awareness of the distinction between time of emission and current distance
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the concept of co-moving coordinates in cosmology
  • Study the implications of relativity on astronomical observations
  • Learn about the calculation of distances in cosmology using redshift (z)
  • Explore the relationship between light travel time and distance in astrophysics
USEFUL FOR

Astronomers, astrophysics students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding the complexities of cosmic distances and the implications of relativity in astronomy.

Simon Peach
Messages
80
Reaction score
17
When something is described as say 7 billion light years away would't it be more accurate to 7 billoin years ago?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Simon Peach said:
When something is described as say 7 billion light years away would't it be more accurate to 7 billoin years ago?
Not if spelling counts. :wink:
 
  • Haha
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Wrichik Basu, vela, jtbell and 6 others
Simon Peach said:
When something is described as say 7 billion light years away would't it be more accurate to 7 billoin years ago?
Why bother? What's wrong w/ 7 billions light years away?
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: mcastillo356
Do you have a problem with saying something is one meter away, or would you insist on saying that it is "3 nanoseconds ago"?
 
  • Like
  • Haha
  • Love
Likes   Reactions: Wrichik Basu, jtbell, mcastillo356 and 6 others
Simon Peach said:
When something is described as say 7 billion light years away would't it be more accurate to 7 billoin years ago?
It is ambiguous in its very purpose.

The atoms you are breathing right now are mostly more than 7 billion years old, and yet they are significantly less than 7 billion light years away.

So, saying "something happened 7 billion years ago" tells you nothing about how far away it is - which defeats the very purpose of attempting to ascribe it with a distance in the first place.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Wrichik Basu and phinds
Simon Peach said:
When something is described as say 7 billion light years away would't it be more accurate to 7 billoin years ago?
A light year is a unit of distance
It is simply the distance one would travel in 365.25 days (a Julian year) if you were moving at c.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Bystander
Simon Peach said:
When something is described as say 7 billion light years away would't it be more accurate to 7 billoin years ago?
7 billion is a long time. Long enough that cosmological corrections are required.

Are you talking about the emitting object being 7 billion light-years away from here "now" or as being 7 billion light-years away from "here" at the time of emission. If you are talking about distance now then the time of emission will be less than 7 billion years ago. If you are talking about distance then then the time of emission will be more than 7 billion years ago.

If you are talking about cumulative distance moved against co-moving coordinates, the answer should be 7 billion light-years covered in 7 billion years.

For simplicity, we can assume co-moving coordinates and zero proper motion of both emitter and receiver.

We are talking about z in the neighborhood of 0.5.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Bystander
Simon Peach said:
When something is described as say 7 billion light years away would't it be more accurate to 7 billoin years ago?
Definitely no.
Relativity does not denies possible simultaneity between far enough points of space. It tells only that simultaneity will be different depending on the frame of reference, and also: whatever happens at some far enough point of space at some time you just won't know it till the appropriate time.
Something at 7 billion lightyears away, at this very moment (by our frame of reference) - it's not the same as '7 billion years ago' or anything like that.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Wrichik Basu and mcastillo356

Similar threads

  • · Replies 12 ·
Replies
12
Views
4K
  • · Replies 24 ·
Replies
24
Views
3K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
1K
  • · Replies 23 ·
Replies
23
Views
3K
  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
633
  • · Replies 48 ·
2
Replies
48
Views
4K
  • · Replies 22 ·
Replies
22
Views
3K
  • · Replies 28 ·
Replies
28
Views
3K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
3K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
2K